N3 Grammar · Test 3

The correct order is: 昨日父に、来週友だちと旅行に行く【ので】【車を】★【使わせてほしい】【と】頼んだが、断られてしまった。The full sentence means: 'Yesterday I asked my father to let me use the car because I'm going on a trip with friends next week, but I was turned down.' Option 4 使わせてほしい fits at the ★ position (third slot), forming the core of the request: 車を使わせてほしいと頼んだ ('asked to be allowed to use the car'). The pattern 〜させてほしい expresses wanting someone to let you do something, and it connects to 頼む via と.

• 1と is a quotation particle that must come immediately before 領んだ, so it belongs in the fourth (last) slot, not at ★.
• 2車を is the object of 使わせてほしい and must come right before it, so it belongs in the second slot, not at ★.
• 3ので ('because') connects the reason clause 来週友だちと旅行に行く to the request, so it belongs in the first slot right after 行く, not at ★.

• 使つかわせてほしい — want to be allowed to use (causative form of 使う + ほしい)
• 断ことわられる — to be refused / turned down (passive of 断る)
• ので — because / so (reason connector)

The correct order is: 桜大学は学生【の】【働くこと】★【に対する】【考え方】についてアンケート調査を行った。The full sentence means: 'Sakura University conducted a survey about students' attitudes toward working.' Option 1 に対する fits at the ★ position (third slot), creating the structure 働くことに対する考え方 ('attitudes toward working'). The pattern Nに対するN means 'attitudes/opinions toward ~', and here 働くことに対する modifies 考え方.

• 2の is a possessive/modifying particle linking 学生 to the following noun phrase, so it belongs in the first slot right after 学生, not at ★.
• 3考え方 ('way of thinking / attitude') is the head noun that について attaches to, so it belongs in the fourth (last) slot, not at ★.
• 4働くこと ('working / the act of working') is the object of に対する, so it belongs in the second slot after の, not at ★.

• に対する（にたいする） — toward / regarding (modifying a following noun)
• 考え方（かんがえかた） — way of thinking / attitude
• アンケート調査（アンケートちょうさ） — questionnaire survey

The correct order is: 食事の【ときに】【買った】★【ばかりの】【白いＴシャツ】を汚してしまった。The full sentence means: 'I stained the white T-shirt that I had just bought during the meal.' Option 2 ばかりの fits at the ★ position (third slot), forming 買ったばかりの白いＴシャツ ('the white T-shirt I had just bought'). The pattern Vた＋ばかりの means 'just done ~' and modifies the noun 白いＴシャツ.

• 1ときに ('when / at the time of') connects to 食事の to form 食事のときに ('during the meal'), so it belongs in the first slot, not at ★.
• 3白いＴシャツ ('white T-shirt') is the head noun that を汚してしまった acts upon, so it belongs in the fourth (last) slot, not at ★.
• 4買った ('bought') is the verb stem that ばかりの attaches to (買ったばかりの), so it belongs in the second slot, not at ★.

• 〜ばかりの — just ~ed (Vた + ばかり, modifying a noun)
• 汚よごす — to stain / make dirty

The correct order is: 花川駅まで【どの電車で】【行けば】★【一番早く着くのか】【わからなくて】電車に乗る前に駅員に聞いた。The full sentence means: 'I went to Hanakawa Station for the first time yesterday. I didn't know which train would get me there fastest, so I asked a station attendant before boarding.' Option 3 一番早く着くのか fits at the ★ position (third slot), completing the embedded question: どの電車で行けば一番早く着くのか ('which train gets me there fastest'). The pattern 〜ば〜のか forms a conditional question inside the larger わからなくて ('didn't understand') clause.

• 1わからなくて ('didn't understand / couldn't figure out') is the main predicate of the reason clause and comes right before 電車に乗る前に, so it belongs in the fourth (last) slot, not at ★.
• 2どの電車で ('by which train') is the beginning of the embedded question, so it belongs in the first slot, not at ★.
• 4行けば ('if (I) go') is the conditional form that connects どの電車で to 一番早く着くのか, so it belongs in the second slot, not at ★.

• 一番早く着く（いちばんはやくつく） — to arrive the fastest
• 〜のか — embedded question marker (whether / which)
• 駅員えきいん — station attendant / station employee

The correct order is: 私、車で【行くつもりだから】【もし】★【行くんだったら】【乗せていったあげる】。The full sentence means: 'I plan to go by car, so if you're going, I'll give you a ride.' Option 3 行くんだったら fits at the ★ position (third slot), forming もし行くんだったら ('if you're going'). The pattern 〜んだったら is a conditional meaning 'if ~', and it pairs with もし to express a hypothetical condition, leading to the offer 乗せていってあげる ('I'll give you a ride').

• 1もし ('if') is an adverb that introduces the conditional clause and comes before 行くんだったら, so it belongs in the second slot, not at ★.
• 2乗せていったあげる ('I'll give you a ride / take you there') is the main offer/predicate that closes B's sentence, so it belongs in the fourth (last) slot, not at ★. (Note: this option appears to contain a transcription error — see issues.)
• 4行くつもりだから ('because I plan to go') provides the reason for B's offer and comes first after 車で, so it belongs in the first slot, not at ★.

• 〜んだったら — if (conditional, colloquial form of 〜のだたら)
• 乗のせていく — to take someone along (by car) / give a ride
• 〜つもりだから — because [I] intend to ~

The correct answer is 4 (を). The verb 過ごす (to spend time) is a transitive verb that takes a direct object marked by を. Here, 夏休みを過ごす means 'to spend one's summer vacation.' The sentence says: 'I won't go back to my country this summer vacation. This is the first time I'm spending summer vacation in Japan.'

• 1と would not mark the object of 過ごす. と can mean 'with' (together with) or mark a quotation, neither of which fits here.
• 2が marks the subject of an intransitive verb or identifies something, but 過ごす is transitive and 夏休み is the thing being spent (the object), not the subject.
• 3へ indicates direction/destination (toward), which does not work with 過ごす. You don't 'spend toward' a vacation.

• 過すごす — to spend time, to pass (e.g., a vacation, a season)

The correct answer is 1 (に対して). に対して means 'toward' or 'for (the benefit/target of).' The sentence says the museum has been offering a ticket discount service 'for foreign tourists' for 10 years. 外国人旅行者に対して = 'toward/for foreign tourists.'

• 2に比べて means 'compared to.' The museum is not comparing foreign tourists to anything; it is offering them a service.
• 3ので is not a valid particle/comparison expression in this form. のことで is grammatically unnatural here and does not convey the intended meaning of targeting a group.
• 4のほかに means 'besides / in addition to.' The sentence is not saying 'in addition to foreign tourists'; it is specifying who the discount is for.

• に対して（にたいして） — toward, for (indicating the target of an action)
• 割引わりびき — discount

The correct answer is 2 (せっかく). せっかく…のに expresses doing something with effort or good intentions, but the result is wasted or contrary to expectation. Here: 'I went to the trouble of waking up early and making a bento, but I forgot to bring it.' The のに at the end confirms this structure.

• 1ぜったい (絶対) means 'absolutely/definitely' and is used for strong assertions, often with a prediction or command. It does not fit the nuance of effort being wasted.
• 3けっして (決して) means 'never' and is always used with a negative predicate. There is no negative here, and it does not convey the 'effort wasted' meaning.
• 4まったく (全く) means 'completely' or (with negative) 'not at all.' It does not express the nuance of doing something with effort that goes to waste.

• せっかく — with effort/trouble (used when the effort is wasted or when expressing appreciation); going to the trouble of
• 早起はやおき — waking up early

The correct answer is 4 (気をつけるだけではなく). だけではなく means 'not only…(but also).' The sentence says: 'To stay healthy, not only should you watch your diet, but you should also exercise — I know that, but I'm busy and can't find time.' The structure Aだけで(はなく) Bも conveys 'not only A but also B.'

• 1気をつけることで means 'by watching one's diet,' which would frame diet as the means/method. But the sentence needs 'not only A but also B,' not 'by doing A.'
• 2気をつけるかどうか means 'whether or not one watches one's diet.' This does not connect logically with 運動もしたほうがいい.
• 3気をつけるのだから means 'since one watches one's diet,' giving a reason. The sentence is not giving diet as a reason for exercise; it is saying both are important.

• だけではなく — not only…(but also)
• 気きをつける — to be careful about, to pay attention to

The correct answer is 2 (習わせようか). The volitional form + か expresses the speaker's deliberation: 'shall I…?' Combined with と思ってるんだけど, it means 'I'm wondering whether I should let her learn (piano).' Speaker A is seeking B's opinion, so this tentative, consultative tone fits perfectly.

• 1習わせるだろうか is 'I wonder if she will be made to learn?' — だろうか expresses speculation about a third party's future action, not the speaker's own intention/deliberation. It sounds like the speaker is a bystander, which doesn't fit.
• 3習わせているのだ means 'I am having her learn (piano),' stating a fact that is already happening. But the daughter only 'wants to learn,' so lessons haven't started yet.
• 4習わせるつもりだ means 'I intend to let her learn,' which is a firm intention. While somewhat plausible, it doesn't match the consultative nuance of と思ってるんだけど…早いと思う？ as well as the volitional+か form, which conveys 'I'm considering whether to…' rather than a settled plan.

• 習ならわせる — to make/let (someone) learn (causative of 習う)
• ～（よ）うかと思う（～（よ）うかとおもう） — to be wondering whether to do… (volitional + か + と思う)