JLPT N2 · Upper Intermediate

JLPT N2 Grammar List

151 points

Practice N2 grammar 151 flashcards · forms & meanings Practice JLPT N2 grammar tests 51 tests · real exam questions

を通して by way of; by means of an intermediary or medium 8 ex.
に基づいて/基づく Founded on, grounded in 8 ex.
をめぐって・めぐる about or concerning something 8 ex.
に当たって/当たり at the time of a particular event or occasion 8 ex.
限り to the extent that; while a condition continues; as much as possible 8 ex.
に過ぎない Nothing more than; only; merely 8 ex.
に限って only in that case; particularly when 8 ex.
に限らず not restricted to; goes beyond 5 ex.
ざるを得ない Unable to avoid doing; forced to do 8 ex.
わけにはいかない unable to bring oneself to do; no way one can do 8 ex.
ものではない not something that should or can be done 8 ex.
反面 conversely; on the flip side; whereas 6 ex.
故に・ゆえに for the reason of; on account of; as a result 8 ex.
からして Based on what can be seen or taken as a starting point 8 ex.
からには Given that; seeing that something is the case 8 ex.
だけに For the very reason that; to an even greater degree 8 ex.
だけあって Just as one would expect, befitting the status of 4 ex.
といったところだ Roughly, about that level; something like that 3 ex.
に/ともなると Once a situation reaches that point; when it comes to; if 8 ex.
かえって in a way that goes against what one would expect 8 ex.
ようでは given that things appear this way, a bad outcome follows 4 ex.
ようものなら In the event that, hypothetically 4 ex.
ないことには cannot happen unless; without doing so, nothing follows 5 ex.
結果 Consequently; the outcome of something 8 ex.
あげく（に） Ultimately, after everything is said and done 4 ex.
末（に） Following a lengthy process or considerable effort 8 ex.
べく For the purpose of; with the aim of 8 ex.
べからず・べからざる must not; should not (written style) 8 ex.
に応じて・応じた In accordance with; in response to; accepting (an invitation) 8 ex.
につき Per unit; concerning, regarding a matter 8 ex.
ばこそ exactly because; for the very reason that 4 ex.
かねる Unable to do; difficult to do 6 ex.
限りだ To an extreme degree 4 ex.
だからと言って just because that's so, it doesn't follow that; that's no reason to 3 ex.
どんなに（こと）か How very ~!; no matter how much ~ 8 ex.
一方で（は）他方で（は） Viewed from one side; viewed from the other side 4 ex.
上 Viewed from the standpoint of / with respect to 8 ex.
からに至るまで spanning from ~ all the way to ~ 4 ex.
ことによる possibly; maybe; be due to the fact that 5 ex.
まい will not do; probably will not happen 8 ex.
面 viewed from a particular aspect or standpoint 8 ex.
なりなり turns into ~, then into ~, and so on 4 ex.
に反して/反する in opposition to; running counter to 8 ex.
において/おける In / at / on / during 8 ex.
点（で） with respect to a point or aspect; in that regard 8 ex.
と言っても It is no exaggeration to say ~; one may well say ~ 8 ex.
というより（は） not so much ~ as; more accurately described as something else 8 ex.
となると once the topic shifts to ~; in the case of ~ 8 ex.
途端（に） the very instant something happens; right after doing something 8 ex.
得る　（うる・える） to obtain or come by; can happen, is possible, -able 8 ex.
であろう Likely; presumably (formal register) 8 ex.
逆に Contrarily; in reverse; as an alternative 8 ex.
いかにも Indeed; truly; just as one would expect 8 ex.
ましだ Superior in comparison; the more desirable option; would rather have 4 ex.
または Used to link choices: one option or the other; either of two alternatives 4 ex.
みせる to show determination to do; to certainly do (and prove it) 8 ex.
もの（だ） That's just how things are; used to; naturally 8 ex.
ならない Not permitted; ought not (something forbidden) 8 ex.
ねばならない obligation to do something; formal way of saying must or have to 8 ex.
に限らず [にかぎらず] not restricted to; goes beyond just 5 ex.
には Used for a purpose; for the sake of; when judging something 8 ex.
のこと on the subject of; with regard to; truthfully speaking 8 ex.
のことだから given the nature of ~; as one would expect from ~ 3 ex.
さすが just as one would expect; exactly like; genuinely 8 ex.
せめて at the very least; if only; minimally 8 ex.
しかも On top of that; what's more; additionally 8 ex.
したがって For that reason; in line with that; as a result 8 ex.
そこで Thus; consequently; because of that 8 ex.
ただ merely; nothing more than; yet; though (with a caveat) 8 ex.
ということは That is to say; it means that; so 8 ex.
通り（に） In the same way as; exactly as; following or matching 8 ex.
で Indicates a rate or amount for each unit; equivalent to 'for' or 'per' 8 ex.
限り confined to; to the utmost degree; for as long as (and no more) 8 ex.
かろう Conjecture that something is likely so, via the adjective volitional 4 ex.
方をする Act or behave in a certain manner or style 8 ex.
かと言うと if you ask whether; you'd assume so, but actually 6 ex.
く Connects clauses, meaning and, using the adjective linking form 4 ex.
もば provided even ~ at least; to the extent that 8 ex.
もも Lists items emphatically: both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor ~ 8 ex.
の上では in terms of ~; judging from ~; on the surface of ~ 6 ex.
のはのことだ It is/was ~ that or when ~ (cleft construction) 8 ex.
ぬ Negative meaning not; a classical, literary counterpart of ない 8 ex.
おり humble way to say ている; is (doing), while 8 ex.
Relative Clause A clause placed inside a sentence to modify a noun (intermediate level patterns) 4 ex.
Rhetorical Question A question posed to assert something emphatically rather than to ask 4 ex.
そうかと言って nevertheless; granted, but; having said that 4 ex.
そこで Then; at that time; thereupon, as a narrative connector 8 ex.
そこを However; despite that; even so 8 ex.
確かにが admittedly ~, though; true ~, but 8 ex.
という風に in such a way that; indicating or implying that 4 ex.
というのはことだ Saying that ~ is; it is a fact that ~ 5 ex.
とも at the very least; even supposing; no later than 8 ex.
は emphatic particle stressing the topic, as in does/is/was 8 ex.
は言うまでもなく goes without saying; not even mentioning; even less likely 8 ex.
ちなみに Used to introduce something related in passing; incidentally; on that note 8 ex.
だって Because (casual spoken conjunction) 8 ex.
だって I heard that; apparently; even; too (casual spoken form) 8 ex.
どちらかと言うと if forced to choose; rather; leaning more toward ~ 3 ex.
どうか used in requests or hopes; please; by some means 8 ex.
一応 For now; as a precaution; in a provisional way 8 ex.
以来 From a past point onward; continuously since then 8 ex.
一切ない Not in the least; by no means; not ever 8 ex.
一旦・いったん once (something happens); for a moment; on a temporary basis; for now 8 ex.
言ってみれば In other words; as a figure of speech; not literally 4 ex.
言わば In a manner of speaking; figuratively; kind of 5 ex.
自体 The thing itself; considered in and of itself; the very noun in question 8 ex.
仮に Assuming that; even supposing; on the condition that 8 ex.
（っ）きり solely; by oneself; once done, remaining that way 8 ex.
加えて besides that; moreover; on top of this (variant A) 8 ex.
加えて moreover; on top of that; besides (variant B) 8 ex.
もしくは Or; either ~ or (formal written) 8 ex.
並み Equal to; on a par with; as great as 8 ex.
何らかの A certain; some kind of; some sort of 8 ex.
なんて exclamation of surprise or dismissal: what a ~!; how ~! 8 ex.
なんて That; things like (casual quoting or brushing aside) 8 ex.
何とか By some means or other; succeed with difficulty; cope somehow 8 ex.
願う・願います Used to voice a hope or wish; also a polite way of asking someone to do something 8 ex.
に向けて・に向けた In the direction of; aimed at; with a target in mind; in order to achieve 8 ex.
それなりに・の To a reasonable degree; in a way that suits the situation 8 ex.
但し・ただし However; provided that; on the condition that 8 ex.
単に Just; simply; nothing more than; purely 8 ex.
てばかりはいられない Cannot keep on doing; must not always be doing something 4 ex.
てもても No matter how much ~, with repeated effort 8 ex.
てはいられない Can't afford to; must not; can't just stay ~ 4 ex.
ともすると Likely to; tends to; apt to; if one is not careful 4 ex.
との with; the counterpart of a noun marked by と 8 ex.
は別として Excluding something from consideration; apart from; leaving it out 8 ex.
割に（は） Fairly; in relative terms; when judged against what one would expect 8 ex.
やら Things such as; whether; and; or (with a nuance of uncertainty) 8 ex.
やらやら What with one thing and another; this and that; various things 8 ex.
ばかりに merely for the reason that 8 ex.
ことから Due to; based on the fact that 8 ex.
ことか exclaims how or what a; marks an embedded question 8 ex.
もっとも Though that may be so; even so; it must be admitted 8 ex.
ながら（も） While doing; while remaining in a state 8 ex.
にほかならない Nothing other than; precisely because of that; the very (person/thing) 4 ex.
中を In the middle of; through; during; among 8 ex.
につけ Each time something occurs; whenever; as 4 ex.
を問わず Without regard to; not affected by 6 ex.
に越したことはない the best possible choice; safest or most desirable option 7 ex.
つつ in the midst of change; while; even though (formal) 8 ex.
どころではない not at all ~; the opposite of ~ is true 8 ex.
はたして truly; as one anticipated; actually; indeed 5 ex.
にかけては in the area of; regarding; with respect to 8 ex.
かと思うと the moment after; no sooner than; when realising 5 ex.
ものの even though; despite the fact that 8 ex.
恐れがある there is a danger/risk that 8 ex.
といった for example, such as 8 ex.
のみならず not just... but in addition 5 ex.
いわゆる what people call something; commonly known as 8 ex.
だけのことはある It's unsurprising, or the effort or money paid off 4 ex.

Study guide

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