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とも (tomo)

at the very least; even supposing; no later than

Meaning & usage

とも marks a minimum limit or a concession that does not change the outcome. It follows the volitional form of verbs, as in 反対しようとも or 起ころうとも, to mean even if or no matter what happens. It also follows adverbial forms like 少なくとも and 遅くとも to set a lower bound or deadline, meaning at least or at the latest. It is common in formal writing and often pairs with a firm statement in the main clause.

Example sentences 7

In past JLPT papers

This came up in 1 past exam question.

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