JLPT N5 · Beginner

JLPT N5 Grammar List

94 points

Practice N5 grammar 94 flashcards · forms & meanings Practice JLPT N5 grammar tests 65 tests · real exam questions

は particle that marks what the sentence is about 8 ex.
が particle that indicates the subject of a sentence 8 ex.
を Particle indicating the thing an action is done to 8 ex.
に Marks a place, point in time, or direction of movement 8 ex.
で Marks the location of an action, or the means or method used 8 ex.
へ Marks the place toward which someone or something moves 8 ex.
の connects nouns to show ownership or to describe the noun that follows 8 ex.
と Links nouns together (and); shows doing something alongside someone (with) 8 ex.
だい casual question marker 8 ex.
も Also, too, in addition; likewise 8 ex.
わけではない it is not the case that; not necessarily 8 ex.
である past tense of the verb 'to be' 8 ex.
Vmasu connects clauses in formal writing, meaning 'and' or indicating a reason 4 ex.
ましょう Let's; shall I 8 ex.
下さい・ください Used to politely ask someone to do something 8 ex.
ている Ongoing action or resulting state 8 ex.
てから Once something has been done; the time elapsed since an action 8 ex.
ても regardless of whether something happens; even supposing 8 ex.
いる Be present (for living things) 8 ex.
ある to exist (for inanimate things) 8 ex.
たい to want to do something 8 ex.
欲しい・ほしい To desire something, to want an object or item 8 ex.
ことが出来る・できる be able to do something 8 ex.
好きだ・すきだ To be fond of; to have a liking for 8 ex.
嫌いだ・きらいだ To dislike something or someone 8 ex.
分かる・わかる To understand or grasp something 8 ex.
要る・いる To be needed, to require 8 ex.
くらい Roughly, around, an estimated amount or degree 8 ex.
ごろ Approximately, at about a given time 8 ex.
しか nothing but, only a small amount (used with a negative verb) 8 ex.
そして And then; and 8 ex.
それから And then; following that point in time 8 ex.
が connects clauses with the sense of but or however 8 ex.
どう in what way; why; used in fixed expressions like you're welcome 8 ex.
いくら How much (price or amount); no matter how much; some, an amount 8 ex.
より Marks a comparison, meaning 'than' or 'more than' something 8 ex.
ほうがより Used to say one thing has more of a quality than another 8 ex.
一番・いちばん the most; the best 8 ex.
前に・まえに Prior to an action or point in time 8 ex.
から from a starting point or source 8 ex.
まで up to (a limit); through (a range); even (an extreme case) 4 ex.
間・あいだ(に) Over the course of an action or time span; while something is happening 8 ex.
あまり To a small degree; not very; so much that... 8 ex.
ね Particle at sentence end asking the listener to confirm or agree 8 ex.
な A command form telling someone not to do something 8 ex.
など Things like; and the like; used to dismiss or downplay 8 ex.
もう Already; not anymore; an exclamation of annoyance 8 ex.
まだ continuing up to now; has not happened so far 8 ex.
か Connects alternatives, meaning either A or B 8 ex.
に Particle marking the recipient of an action (to/for) 8 ex.
に Marks where someone or something exists, is, or stays (in/at) 8 ex.
に Particle showing direction or target, meaning to or toward 8 ex.
に On or onto a surface, showing contact 8 ex.
を Marks movement through, along, or across a path 8 ex.
で Indicates the tool, method, or means used to do something 8 ex.
こと Turns words or phrases into noun-like things (that/to/doing) 8 ex.
方・かた Method or manner of performing an action 8 ex.
来る・くる Come / pay a visit 8 ex.
する to do, make, or play 8 ex.
たりたりする Lists example actions or events, like doing X and Y 8 ex.
て connective te-form, linking actions like 'and' or '-ing' 8 ex.
時・とき at the moment when; during the period of 8 ex.
と Particle for quoting speech or thought, and for sounds or manner 8 ex.
あげる To hand over or present something to another person 8 ex.
で Also; owing to; as a result of (te-form of です) 8 ex.
で Indicates location of an action; marks a time or point of ending; also means and so 8 ex.
行く・いく to go; to move away from the speaker's location 8 ex.
か Whether; if (as an embedded question) 8 ex.
こと Abstract thing; matter; fact 8 ex.
毎・まい Each; per unit 8 ex.
も Also; to the extent of; not even a single 8 ex.
もも Both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor ~ 8 ex.
に By; from (agent or source in passive and causative constructions) 8 ex.
の Stands in for an unspecified thing; works like 'one' 8 ex.
の Turns a phrase into a noun: that ~; to do ~; doing ~ 8 ex.
の | It is that Sentence-ending particle meaning it is that ~, used in female or child speech 8 ex.
お Respectful/polite prefix added to words 8 ex.
を Marks where movement begins (out of; through; along) 8 ex.
多い・おおい Numerous; a large quantity; frequently 8 ex.
Relative Clause A verb clause placed before a noun to describe it 4 ex.
少ない・すくない Small in number or amount; not many; rare 8 ex.
する possess a lasting characteristic 8 ex.
と Together with; in the capacity of; from (mutual/alongside) 8 ex.
屋・や Shop; store; suffix for a dealer or seller 8 ex.
や Connects nouns as and, or; marks a non-exhaustive list 8 ex.
も Likewise; in addition; neither; used emphatically with negatives to stress 'even' 8 ex.
に Particle at sentence end expressing emotion 8 ex.
この this; this current state or direction; around here 8 ex.
ので Since; for the reason that (polite) 8 ex.
だけ to the extent of; merely, nothing more 8 ex.
てもいい May I; it's okay to; permission to do 8 ex.
にする Turn or choose something to be (noun/na-adj) 8 ex.
けれども nevertheless; although; but 8 ex.
より Used in comparisons to mean 'than'; also 'rather than' or 'more than what exists now' 8 ex.

Study guide

Turn the N5 grammar list into practice

Focus on what particles and verb endings do in a short sentence. Compare who acts, what they act on, and whether the action is present, past or negative.

Choose a pattern and read its meaning and usage before looking at the examples.
Check how the pattern attaches to the preceding word. Compare the Japanese sentence with its translation, then explain the relationship in your own words.
Try the grammar tests and return to patterns you confuse. Recalling a translation alone does not show that you can choose the pattern in context.

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