Meaning & usage
The particle に marks the person or living thing that does the action in a passive sentence, often translated as by or from, as in 母にしかられました. It attaches to a noun naming the agent, while the main verb appears in passive forms such as 読まれる or ほめられる or in causative forms such as 食べさせる and 読ませる. In causative sentences like 母は私に野菜を食べさせます, に marks the person who is made or allowed to act.
Example sentences 8
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この本は大人によく読まれている。
This is a book often read by adults.
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彼にだまされなかったなんてついてるね。
You're lucky you weren't fooled by him.
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わたしは母にしかられました。
I was scolded by my mother.
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弟は犬にかまれました。
My younger brother was bitten by a dog.
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妹は先生にほめられました。
My younger sister was praised by her teacher.
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彼は友達に呼ばれました。
He was called by his friend.
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兄は姉にたたかれました。
My older brother was hit by my older sister.
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母は私に野菜を食べさせます。
My mother makes me eat vegetables.
In past JLPT papers
This came up in 14 past exam questions.
And 9 more tests.
