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N4 Grammar · Test 9

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  1. 1.田中さんは　かいぎに　おくれて、社長____注意された。

    1. 1 に
    2. 2 の
    3. 3 で
    4. 4 を
    Show answer

    Answer: 1. に

    The correct answer is 1 (に). The verb 注意された is the passive past of 注意する ('to warn/scold'). In a passive sentence, the person who performs the action (the agent) is marked by に. 社長に注意された means 'was warned by the company president.' The structure is: (agent) に (passive verb).

    • 2の is the possessive/modifying particle. 社長の注意された would be ungrammatical here; の cannot mark the agent of a passive verb.
    • 3で marks means/location, not the agent of a passive verb. 社長で注意された is incorrect.
    • 4を marks the direct object of an active verb (社長が田中さんを注意した = 'The president warned Tanaka'). But in the passive form 注意された, the agent must be marked by に, not を.
    • 注意ちゅういされる — to be warned / to be scolded (passive of 注意する)
    • 遅おくれる — to be late
    • 社長しゃちょう — company president

  2. 2.小林さんはどこへ行った____わかりません。

    1. 1 が
    2. 2 の
    3. 3 か
    4. 4 を
    Show answer

    Answer: 3. か

    The correct answer is 3 (か). This is an embedded question (間接疑問文). A question clause is placed inside a larger sentence, and the question marker か connects the embedded question to the verb わかりません ('don't understand/know'). どこへ行ったか わかりません means 'I don't know where Kobayashi went.' The pattern is: (question word) ... か わかる/わからない.

    • 1が is a subject marker and cannot connect an embedded question to わかりません. どこへ行ったがわかりません is ungrammatical.
    • 2の is a nominalizer/possessive and does not form embedded questions in this pattern. どこへ行ったのわかりません is incorrect.
    • 4を marks a direct object, but わかる does not take を for its complement. Embedded questions use か, not を.
    • わかる — to understand / to know
    • 行いく — to go

  3. 3.日本人の友達もできて、やっと日本のせいかつ____なれました。

    1. 1 と
    2. 2 に
    3. 3 を
    4. 4 や
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. に

    The correct answer is 2 (に). The verb なれました is the past form of なれる ('to get used to'), which always takes the particle に to mark what one becomes accustomed to. 日本のせいかつになれました means '(I) finally got used to life in Japan.' The pattern is: (noun) に なれる.

    • 1と is used for 'together with' or conditional/quotation, not with なれる. せいかつとなれました is incorrect.
    • 3を marks a direct object of a transitive verb. なれる is intransitive and requires に, not を.
    • 4や means 'and' (incomplete list) and cannot connect to なれる. せいかつやなれました is ungrammatical.
    • 慣なれる — to get used to / to become accustomed to
    • 生活せいかつ — daily life / lifestyle
    • やっと — finally / at last

  4. 4.レポートはペン____書いてください。

    1. 1 か
    2. 2 の
    3. 3 が
    4. 4 で
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. で

    The correct answer is 4 (で). The particle で marks the means or instrument used to perform an action. ペンで書いてください means 'Please write with a pen.' The pattern is: (tool/means) で (verb).

    • 1か is a question/coordinating particle and cannot mark a tool or means. ペンか書いてください is ungrammatical.
    • 2の is a possessive/linking particle. ペン書き is not a valid construction here; の cannot mark the instrument of an action.
    • 3が marks the subject of a verb. ペンが書いてください would mean 'the pen writes,' which makes no sense in this context.
    • ペン（ぺん） — pen
    • 書かく — to write

  5. 5.テレビを見て____いると、目が悪くなりますよ。

    1. 1 でも
    2. 2 ばかり
    3. 3 しか
    4. 4 ぐらい
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. ばかり

    The correct answer is 2 (ばかり). 〜てばかりいる means 'doing nothing but ~' / 'always doing ~,' expressing the speaker's feeling that someone does only that action (often with a negative nuance). テレビを見てばかりいると means 'If you keep doing nothing but watching TV.' The conditional と at the end gives the warning: your eyes will get worse.

    • 1でも means 'even' or 'for example.' テレビを見てでもいると is ungrammatical and does not convey 'only/nothing but.'
    • 3しか means 'only' but must be followed by a negative verb (しか〜ない). しかいると does not work grammatically here.
    • 4ぐらい indicates an approximate amount/degree. テレビを見てぐらいいると is ungrammatical; ぐらい cannot attach to て-form in this way.
    • 〜てばかりいる — to do nothing but ~ / to be always doing ~ (negative nuance)
    • 目が悪くなる（めがわるくなる） — one's eyes get worse

  1. 6.問 (1) 田中さんは　かいぎに　おくれて、社長____注意された。

    1. 1 に
    2. 2 の
    3. 3 で
    4. 4 を
    Show answer

    Answer: 1. に

    The correct answer is 1 (に). The verb 注意された is the passive past of 注意する ('to warn/scold'). In a passive sentence, the person who performs the action (the agent) is marked by に. 社長に注意された means 'was warned by the company president.' The structure is: (agent) に (passive verb).

    • 2の is the possessive/modifying particle. 社長の注意された would be ungrammatical here; の cannot mark the agent of a passive verb.
    • 3で marks means/location, not the agent of a passive verb. 社長で注意された is incorrect.
    • 4を marks the direct object of an active verb (社長が田中さんを注意した = 'The president warned Tanaka'). But in the passive form 注意された, the agent must be marked by に, not を.
    • 注意ちゅういされる — to be warned / to be scolded (passive of 注意する)
    • 遅おくれる — to be late
    • 社長しゃちょう — company president

  2. 7.問 (2) 小林さんはどこへ行った____わかりません。

    1. 1 が
    2. 2 の
    3. 3 か
    4. 4 を
    Show answer

    Answer: 3. か

    The correct answer is 3 (か). This is an embedded question (間接疑問文). A question clause is placed inside a larger sentence, and the question marker か connects the embedded question to the verb わかりません ('don't understand/know'). どこへ行ったか わかりません means 'I don't know where Kobayashi went.' The pattern is: (question word) ... か わかる/わからない.

    • 1が is a subject marker and cannot connect an embedded question to わかりません. どこへ行ったがわかりません is ungrammatical.
    • 2の is a nominalizer/possessive and does not form embedded questions in this pattern. どこへ行ったのわかりません is incorrect.
    • 4を marks a direct object, but わかる does not take を for its complement. Embedded questions use か, not を.
    • わかる — to understand / to know
    • 行いく — to go

  3. 8.問 (3) 日本人の友達もできて、やっと日本のせいかつ____なれました。

    1. 1 と
    2. 2 に
    3. 3 を
    4. 4 や
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. に

    The correct answer is 2 (に). The verb なれました is the past form of なれる ('to get used to'), which always takes the particle に to mark what one becomes accustomed to. 日本のせいかつになれました means '(I) finally got used to life in Japan.' The pattern is: (noun) に なれる.

    • 1と is used for 'together with' or conditional/quotation, not with なれる. せいかつとなれました is incorrect.
    • 3を marks a direct object of a transitive verb. なれる is intransitive and requires に, not を.
    • 4や means 'and' (incomplete list) and cannot connect to なれる. せいかつやなれました is ungrammatical.
    • 慣なれる — to get used to / to become accustomed to
    • 生活せいかつ — daily life / lifestyle
    • やっと — finally / at last

  4. 9.問 (4) レポートはペン____書いてください。

    1. 1 か
    2. 2 の
    3. 3 が
    4. 4 で
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. で

    The correct answer is 4 (で). The particle で marks the means or instrument used to perform an action. ペンで書いてください means 'Please write with a pen.' The pattern is: (tool/means) で (verb).

    • 1か is a question/coordinating particle and cannot mark a tool or means. ペンか書いてください is ungrammatical.
    • 2の is a possessive/linking particle. ペン書き is not a valid construction here; の cannot mark the instrument of an action.
    • 3が marks the subject of a verb. ペンが書いてください would mean 'the pen writes,' which makes no sense in this context.
    • ペン（ぺん） — pen
    • 書かく — to write

  5. 10.問 (5) テレビを見て____いると、目が悪くなりますよ。

    1. 1 でも
    2. 2 ばかり
    3. 3 しか
    4. 4 ぐらい
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. ばかり

    The correct answer is 2 (ばかり). 〜てばかりいる means 'doing nothing but ~' / 'always doing ~,' expressing the speaker's feeling that someone does only that action (often with a negative nuance). テレビを見てばかりいると means 'If you keep doing nothing but watching TV.' The conditional と at the end gives the warning: your eyes will get worse.

    • 1でも means 'even' or 'for example.' テレビを見てでもいると is ungrammatical and does not convey 'only/nothing but.'
    • 3しか means 'only' but must be followed by a negative verb (しか〜ない). しかいると does not work grammatically here.
    • 4ぐらい indicates an approximate amount/degree. テレビを見てぐらいいると is ungrammatical; ぐらい cannot attach to て-form in this way.
    • 〜てばかりいる — to do nothing but ~ / to be always doing ~ (negative nuance)
    • 目が悪くなる（めがわるくなる） — one's eyes get worse

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