N4 Vocabulary · Test 5

しゅっぱつしました (出発しました) means 'departed.' Option 3, バスがでました (出ました), means 'the bus left/went out,' which is the closest paraphrase.

• 1とまりました (止まりました) means 'stopped,' the opposite action of departing.
• 2つきました (着きました) means 'arrived,' the opposite of departing.
• 4まがりました (曲がりました) means 'turned (a corner),' unrelated to departing.

• しゅっぱつ — departure; to depart
• でる（出る） — to go out; to leave
• とまる（止まる） — to stop
• つく（着く） — to arrive
• まがる（曲がる） — to turn (a corner)

ていねいに (丁寧に) means 'carefully/neatly.' Option 2, もっときれいにかいてください, means 'please write more neatly/cleanly,' which matches.

• 1おおきく (大きく) means 'bigger,' about size, not neatness.
• 3ふとく (太く) means 'thicker (lines),' about stroke weight, not neatness.
• 4かんたんに (簡単に) means 'simply,' not neatly.

• ていねい — careful; polite; neat
• きれい — clean; pretty; neat
• おおきい（大きい） — big
• ふとい（太い） — thick
• かんたん — simple; easy

うまい means 'good at; skillful.' Option 1, あにはえがじょうずです (上手です), means 'my older brother is good at drawing,' a direct paraphrase.

• 2きらいです (嫌いです) means 'dislikes,' opposite meaning.
• 3へたです (下手です) means 'bad at; unskillful,' opposite meaning.
• 4すきです (好きです) means 'likes,' which is related but not the same as being good at it.

• うまい — skillful; good at
• じょうず — skillful; good at
• きらい（嫌い） — dislike
• へた — unskillful; bad at
• すき（好き） — like

ねぼうしました (寝坊しました) means 'overslept' — i.e., woke up late. Option 3, おきるのがおそくなってしまいました (起きるのが遅くなってしまいました), means 'ended up waking late,' which matches.

• 1ねるのがおそくなってしまいました means 'ended up going to sleep late,' which is different from oversleeping (waking late).
• 2はやくねてしまいました means 'went to sleep early,' opposite of oversleeping context.
• 4はやくおきてしまいました means 'woke up early,' opposite of oversleeping.

• ねぼう — oversleeping
• おきる（起きる） — to wake up
• ねる（寝る） — to sleep
• おそい（遅い） — late; slow
• はやい（早い） — early; fast

ほめられました (褒められました) is passive of ほめる (to praise), meaning 'was praised.' Option 2, 先生はたなかさんに「とてもよかったですよ」と言いました, means the teacher said 'it was very good,' which is praise.

• 1気をつけてね means 'be careful,' which is a warning/advice, not praise.
• 3ちょっと休みましょう means 'let's take a little break,' unrelated to praise.
• 4たいへんですね means 'that's tough, isn't it,' expressing sympathy, not praise.

• ほめる（褒める） — to praise
• ほめられる（褒められる） — to be praised (passive)
• きをつける（気をつける） — to be careful
• やすむ（休む） — to rest
• たいへん — tough; difficult

るす (留守) means 'not at home' or 'away from home.' Option 4, 「ともだちのいえに行ったらるすでした」('I went to my friend's house and they were not home'), is the correct usage. When you visit someone's home and they are out, you can say they were るす.

• 1しごと (work) cannot be るす. るす describes a person or household being absent from home, not work being 'away.'
• 2A デパート (department store) is a business; it can be closed (休み) but not るす. るす is used for homes/people, not stores.
• 3るすのせき ('absent seats') on an airplane is not a valid expression. るす refers to someone not being at home, not to empty seats.

• るす — not at home; away from home; absent (from one's house)

しんせつ (親切) means 'kind' or 'considerate,' describing a person's thoughtful behavior toward others. Option 3, 「このびょういんのおいしゃさんはとてもしんせつですよ」('The doctor at this hospital is very kind'), is the correct usage — a person (doctor) being kind to others.

• 1りょうり (cooking/food) cannot be しんせつ. Something good for the body would be からだにいい or けんこうてき, not しんせつ.
• 2A コンビニ (convenience store) being しんせつ is wrong. Convenience might be described as べんり (便利), not しんせつ, which applies to people's behavior.
• 4Being しんせつ to flowers (花にしんせつ) is not natural usage. しんせつ describes kindness toward people, not plants. One might say 母は花をていねいにそだてる (Mother carefully grows flowers).

• しんせつ — kind, considerate (describing a person's thoughtful behavior toward others)

にがい (苦い) means 'bitter' — a taste word. Option 4, 「このくすりはとてもにがいです」('This medicine is very bitter'), is the correct usage. Medicine is a classic example of something にがい.

• 1こえ (voice) cannot be にがい. A voice affected by a cold might be かすれごえ (hoarse), not 'bitter.'
• 2あるくのがにがい ('walking is bitter') is wrong. A painful/unpleasant experience would be つらい (辛い), not にがい (苦い = bitter taste).
• 3うでがにがい ('arms are bitter') is wrong. Arms that hurt from heavy luggage would be いたい (痛い), not にがい.

• にがい（にがい (苦い)） — bitter (a taste, e.g. medicine, coffee)

わる (割る) means 'to break' something hard/shatterable (like a dish, glass, egg). Option 1, 「おさらをおとして、わってしまいました」('I dropped the dish and broke it'), is the correct usage. Dropping and breaking a plate is a perfect context for 割る.

• 2しんぶん (newspaper) is folded, not broken. The correct verb would be おる (折る, to fold), not わる (割る, to break/shatter).
• 3ようふく (clothes) are torn, not broken. The correct verb would be やぶる (破る, to tear), not わる.
• 4ジャム (jam) is divided into bottles, not 'broken.' The correct verb would be わける (分ける, to divide/distribute), not わる (割る).

• わる（わる (割る)） — to break, to crack, to shatter (hard objects like dishes, glass, eggs)

ちこく (遅刻) means 'being late' — specifically arriving late to a scheduled event like class, work, or a meeting. Option 2, 「じゅぎょうにちこくしてすみません」('Sorry I'm late for class'), is the correct usage. 遅刻 is used for being late to school/work/appointments.

• 1A とけい (clock) being 'late' (running behind) uses おくれる (遅れる), not ちこく. 遅刻 refers to a person arriving late, not a clock running slow.
• 3Missing a train (でんしゃ) uses のりおくれる (乗り遅れる) or おくれる, not ちこく. 遅刻 is for arriving late to a place/event, not for missing transportation.
• 4れんらく (contact/communication) being delayed uses おくれる (遅れる), not ちこく. 遅刻 applies to people being late, not to messages or notifications being delayed.

• ちこく — being late (arriving late to a scheduled event such as class, work, or a meeting)