N4 Vocabulary · Test 7

The sentence means 'At the second station, please transfer from the train to the bus.' The key structure is (vehicle A) から (vehicle B) に のりかえる, meaning 'change from one vehicle to another.' のりかえて is the te-form of のりかえる (乗り換える), which is exactly the verb used when switching from one train/bus line to another.

• 1おりて (降りて) means 'get off.' While you do get off a train to transfer, the sentence specifically says 電車からバスに — 'from train to bus' — which requires the verb of transferring/changing, not merely getting off. If it were just 'get off the train at the second station,' it would be 電車を おりて, not 電車からバスに おりて.
• 3ひっこして (引っ越して) means 'move (house/residence).' It has nothing to do with changing trains or buses.
• 4でて (出て) means 'go out / exit.' You might でる a station, but 電車からバスに でて is grammatically and semantically wrong for transferring.

• 乗り換える（のりかえる） — to transfer / change (trains, buses, etc.)
• 降おりる — to get off (a vehicle)
• 引っ越す（ひっこす） — to move (residence)
• 出でる — to go out / exit

The sentence means 'On that restaurant's menu, English explanations are also written.' メニュー (menu) is the only option that logically has written descriptions/explanations of food items, including in English. A menu is where you find dish names and explanations.

• 1サービス (service) is an abstract concept; you don't write English explanations 'on a service.'
• 2チップ (tip) is money you leave for service; it doesn't have written English explanations on it.
• 3アルバイト (part-time job) is a type of work; it makes no sense to say English explanations are written on it.

• メニュー — menu (list of dishes at a restaurant)
• サービス — service
• チップ — tip (gratuity)
• アルバイト — part-time job

The sentence means 'Last month I graduated from university, and now I am working in Japan.' 大学を そつぎょうする (卒業する) means 'graduate from university.' This fits perfectly: after graduating, the person is now working.

• 1ふくしゅう (復習) means 'review (study material).' 大学を ふくしゅうする is not a natural collocation; you review subjects, not graduate by reviewing.
• 2きょういく (教育) means 'education.' 大学を きょういくする is not a standard expression.
• 3けんきゅう (研究) means 'research.' While you can do research at university, 大学を けんきゅうする is not the idiomatic way to say it, and it doesn't fit the context of finishing university and starting work.

• 卒業そつぎょうする — to graduate
• 復習ふくしゅう — review (of studied material)
• 教育きょういく — education
• 研究けんきゅう — research

The sentence means 'This road is under construction, so I can't pass through.' こうじ (工事) means 'construction/roadwork.' こうじをしている means 'is doing construction work,' which explains why the road is blocked (とおれません = can't pass through).

• 1こしょう (故障) means 'breakdown/malfunction,' typically used for machines or devices, not roads. A road doesn't 'break down.'
• 3はんたい (反対) means 'opposition / opposite.' みちは はんたいをしている is not a natural expression for a road.
• 4しっぱい (失敗) means 'failure/mistake.' A road doesn't 'fail' in a way that blocks passage.

• 工事こうじ — construction / roadwork
• 故障こしょう — breakdown / malfunction
• 反対はんたい — opposition / opposite
• 失敗しっぱい — failure / mistake
• 通とおれる — to be passable / can go through

The sentence means 'Today, I accidentally broke one plate.' さら (皿) means 'plate/dish,' and the counter 1まい (一枚) is used for flat objects like plates. わって (割って) is the te-form of わる (割る), meaning 'to break (something fragile/shatterable).' Plates are fragile and can be broken, so this fits perfectly.

• 1タオル (towel) is a soft cloth; you don't わる (break/shatter) a towel. It could be やぶる (tear), but not わる.
• 2ふくろ (袋, bag) is also soft; you don't shatter a bag. It could tear (やぶれる) but not break (われる).
• 4ポスター (poster) is paper; you don't shatter a poster. It could be torn (やぶる) but not broken (わる).

• 皿さら — plate / dish
• 割わる — to break (something fragile, shatter)
• タオル — towel
• 袋ふくろ — bag / sack
• ポスター — poster

「だいじ（大事）」means 'important/valuable.' The closest paraphrase is option 2, 「たいせつ（大切）」, which also means 'important/precious.' These two words are near-synonyms frequently tested at N4.

• 1「ゆうめい（有名）」means 'famous,' not 'important.'
• 3「べんり（便利）」means 'convenient,' not 'important.'
• 4「じょうぶ（丈夫）」means 'sturdy/durable,' not 'important.'

• 大事だいじ — important; valuable
• 大切たいせつ — important; precious; careful
• 有名ゆうめい — famous
• 便利べんり — convenient
• 丈夫じょうぶ — sturdy; durable

「きんえん（禁煙）」means 'no smoking.' Option 4, 「たばこをすってはいけません（you must not smoke tobacco）,' is the correct paraphrase.

• 1「右にまがってはいけません」means 'you must not turn right,' unrelated to smoking.
• 2「しゃしんをとってはいけません」means 'you must not take photos' (撮影禁止), not no-smoking.
• 3「のみものを飲んではいけません」means 'you must not drink beverages,' not no-smoking.

• 禁煙きんえん — no smoking; prohibition of smoking
• たばこ — tobacco; cigarettes
• 吸すう — to smoke (tobacco)
• 〜てはいけない — must not; may not

「しかられました」is the passive past of 「しかる（叱る）」, meaning 'was scolded.' Option 4, 「おこられました」(passive past of 怒る), means 'was scolded/got yelled at,' which is the closest paraphrase. At N4 level, 叱る and 怒る are treated as near-synonyms for scolding/reprimanding.

• 1「わらわれました」(笑われる) means 'was laughed at,' the opposite of being scolded.
• 2「ほめられました」(褒められる) means 'was praised,' the opposite of being scolded.
• 3「たのまれました」(頼まれる) means 'was asked/requested (to do something),' unrelated to scolding.

• 叱しかる — to scold; to reprimand
• 怒おこる — to get angry; to scold
• 笑わらう — to laugh
• 褒ほめる — to praise
• 頼たのむ — to request; to ask

「とどけます（届けます）」means 'to deliver (something to a place/person).' Option 1, 「もっていきます（持っていきます）」, means 'to take (something) there,' which is the closest paraphrase for delivering something to a destination.

• 2「かえします（返します）」means 'to return (something) back,' not to deliver.
• 3「つきます（着きます）」means 'to arrive,' describing the speaker's arrival rather than delivering an item.
• 4「かえります（帰ります）」means 'to go back/return home,' not to deliver.

• 届とどける — to deliver; to send to
• 持もっていく — to take (something) there
• 返かえす — to return (something)
• 着つく — to arrive
• 帰かえる — to return; to go home

「せいさんする（生産する）」means 'to produce/manufacture.' Option 3, 「つくる（作る）」, means 'to make/build,' which is the closest paraphrase for producing cars.

• 1「かりる（借りる）」means 'to rent/borrow,' not to produce.
• 2「とめる（止める）」means 'to stop/park,' not to produce.
• 4「あらう（洗う）」means 'to wash,' not to produce.

• 生産せいさんする — to produce; to manufacture
• 作つくる — to make; to build; to produce
• 借かりる — to borrow; to rent
• 止とめる — to stop; to park
• 洗あらう — to wash