N4 Grammar · Test 8

The correct answer is 2 (が). 聞こえる (to be audible / can be heard) is an intransitive verb that takes が to mark what is heard. The structure is (Noun)が聞こえる. Here the noun is 'ないている声' (crying voice), so '声が聞こえます' = 'a voice can be heard.'

• 1を marks a direct object for transitive verbs. 聞こえる is intransitive, so を is incorrect. (聞く 'to listen to' would take を, but 聞こえる does not.)
• 3のが would create a nominalized clause '〜のが聞こえます,' which would require a verb before の, not a noun like 声. '声のが' is ungrammatical because 声 is already a noun.
• 4のを is similarly ungrammatical after the noun 声. You cannot insert の between a noun and a particle like this.

• 声こえ — voice
• 泣なく — to cry
• 聞きこえる — to be audible / can be heard (intransitive, takes が)

The correct answer is 4 (のに). The pattern (V辞書形 + のに + 時間がかかる) means 'it takes (time) to do something.' の nominalizes the verb (作る → 作るの), and に marks the purpose/action for which time is spent. '料理を作るのに1時間かかります' = 'It takes one hour to make the dish.'

• 1を marks a direct object. You cannot say '作るを1時間かかります' — かかる is intransitive and does not take を.
• 2に alone cannot nominalize the verb. '作るに' is ungrammatical; you need のに to turn the verb clause into a noun phrase first.
• 3のを would nominalize the verb but を is the wrong particle. かかる does not take を; the correct particle is に (for the purpose/target of the time spent).

• 料理りょうり — cooking / dish
• 作つくる — to make / to cook
• かかる — to take (time/money) (intransitive)
• 〜のに — in order to do / for the purpose of (nominalizer の + particle に)

The correct answer is 2 (に). The pattern (V辞書形 + ことになる) means 'it has been decided that…' (a decision made by circumstances or others, not oneself). Here, '帰ることになりました' = 'it has been decided that I will return (to my country).' The particle に links こと to なる.

• 1が would make 'ことがなりました,' which is not the correct idiom. The fixed expression is ことになる (with に), not ことがなる.
• 3を would make 'ことをなりました,' which is ungrammatical. なる is intransitive and does not take を.
• 4で would make 'ことでなりました,' which is not a valid pattern. ことで means 'by means of / through,' which does not fit here.

• 今度こんど — this time / next time
• 国くに — country / one's home country
• 帰かえる — to return
• ことになる — it has been decided that… (passive/circumstantial decision)

The correct answer is 1 (のに). のに connects two clauses with a contrastive/surprising nuance: 'even though / despite.' 'いろいろさがしたのに見つからないんです' = 'Even though I searched a lot, I can't find it.' The の nominalizes the verb clause and に carries the concessive meaning.

• 2ので means 'because / so' (cause-and-effect). Using it here would mean 'I searched a lot, so I can't find it,' which is logically contradictory.
• 3のを would nominalize the clause and mark it with を, but 見つかる is intransitive and does not take を. Also, のを does not express the contrastive 'even though' meaning needed here.
• 4のが would nominalize the clause and mark it with が, but this would make 'さがしたのが見つからない' = 'the thing I searched for can't be found,' which changes the meaning. The sentence needs a concessive connection (even though I searched, I can't find it), not a subject-predicate structure.

• いろいろ — various / a lot of different things
• 探さがす — to search / to look for
• 見みつかる — to be found (intransitive)
• 〜のに — even though / despite (concessive conjunction)