N4 Grammar · Test 14

Option 4「よく　いらっしゃいました」means 'Welcome' and is said by a host greeting a visitor who has arrived. In this conversation, A is the host: after welcoming the guest, A says「どうぞ　お上がり　ください」(Please come in/up), and B responds with「しつれいします」(Excuse me (for entering)), which is the standard phrase said when entering someone's home. This fits perfectly.

• 1「いって　まいります」is a humble form (謙譲語/けんじょうご) meaning 'I am going.' It would be said by the person leaving, not by a host welcoming a guest.
• 2「ごめんください」is what a VISITOR says at the door when arriving at someone's home, meaning 'Excuse me / Is anyone home?' A is the host, so this does not fit.
• 3「いってらっしゃい」means 'Have a good trip / See you later' and is said to someone who is leaving. It does not fit a welcoming situation.

• よくいらっしゃいました — Welcome (said by host to arriving guest)
• ごめんください — Excuse me (said by visitor at someone's door)
• しつれいします — Excuse me (said when entering someone's home/room)

Option 2「おだいじに」means 'Please take care of yourself / Get well soon.' It is the standard expression used when someone tells you they are sick or unwell. Since A says they have a headache (頭がいたい) and are going home, B's response「おだいじに」is the natural and correct thing to say.

• 1「お元気で」means 'Take care / Stay well' and is used when someone is going on a trip or leaving for a long time. It is not used for someone who is sick.
• 3「こちらこそ」means 'Same here / It is I who should say that,' used to return a greeting or compliment. It does not fit this context at all.
• 4「かしこまりました」means 'Certainly / I understand' and is a formal business acknowledgment. It would be used by a shop clerk or subordinate accepting a request, not when someone is sick.

• おだいじに — Take care of yourself; get well soon (said to someone who is ill)

Option 4「休ませて　いただきたいんですが」uses the pattern V(causative)＋て＋いただく, meaning 'I would like to be allowed to do ~.' Here, 休ませていただく means 'to be allowed to take a day off.' This is the correct humble/polite way for an employee (社員) to ask the company president (社長) for permission to take a day off. The んですが at the end softens the request.

• 1「休んで　さしあげませんか」is grammatically and semantically wrong. さしあげる is a humble verb for giving to a superior, but 休んでさしあげる would mean 'I'll take a break for your sake,' which makes no sense. The negative question form is also inappropriate.
• 2「休まれて　いただけませんか」is ungrammatical. 休まれる is the passive/honorific form of 休む, and combining it with いただけませんか does not produce a valid structure for requesting permission.
• 3「休んで　いただきたいんですが」means 'I want YOU to take a day off,' which reverses the roles. The employee wants to take the day off themselves, not ask the boss to take a day off.

• 休やすませていただく — to be allowed to take a break/day off (humble causative-receiving pattern)
• さしあげる — to give (humble form of あげる, used toward a superior)

起こされました is the passive form of 起こす (to wake someone up). 母に起こされました means 'I was woken up by my mother.' The particle に marks the agent of the passive action, and 私は (marked by は) is the one affected. This is the standard direct passive (直接受身).

• 1起きました is the intransitive verb 起きる ('to wake up on one's own'). It cannot take 母に as an agent because it is not a transitive verb — there is no one doing the waking.
• 2起こしました is the active transitive 'I woke (someone) up.' With 母に it would mean 'I woke up toward my mother,' which is ungrammatical. The correct active would be 母を起こしました.
• 3起こらせました is the causative form of 起きる ('I made my mother wake up'). This reverses the roles — the speaker would be causing the mother to wake, which does not match the intended meaning 'I was woken up by my mother.'

• 起おこす — to wake someone up (transitive)
• 起おこされる — to be woken up (passive of 起こす)
• 起おきる — to wake up (intransitive)

かんたんだった is the plain past form of the な-adjective かんたん. 〜そうです (hearsay / 'I heard that…') attaches to the plain form of verbs and adjectives. For a な-adjective in the past tense, the plain form is かんたんだった, so かんたんだったそうです is correct: 'I heard that last year's exam was easy.'

• 1かんたんな is the pre-noun form (連体形) used to modify a noun (かんたんな試験). Before そうです (hearsay), you need the predicative form, not the attributive form.
• 2かんたんに is the adverbial form ('easily'). It cannot precede そうです in this hearsay pattern, and it would change the meaning to 'easily' rather than 'was easy.'
• 4かんたんでした is the polite past form. 〜そうです (hearsay) requires the plain form (かんたんだった), not the polite form. Polite + そう is ungrammatical for hearsay.

• 簡単かんたん — easy (な-adjective)
• 〜そうです — I heard that… / It is said that… (hearsay; attaches to plain form)

しまっています is the 〜ています form of しまう (intransitive: 'to close/be closed'). With ドアが, it describes the resulting state of the door being closed: 'The door is closed.' This is the standard intransitive 〜ている pattern for a state resulting from a change.

• 1しめます is the transitive verb しめる ('to close something') in the non-past polite form. With ドアが (intransitive subject marker), it is ungrammatical — you would need ドアをしめます ('I will close the door').
• 2しめています is the transitive しめる in 〜ています form, meaning 'is (in the process of) closing (something).' With ドアが it is ungrammatical; the correct form would be ドアをしめています. Also, it describes an action in progress, not a state.
• 4しまってあります is ungrammatical. 〜てある requires a transitive verb (他動詞) and marks the object with が. しまう is intransitive (自動詞), so しまってある is not valid. The correct 〜てある form would be しめてあります (from the transitive しめる).

• しまう — to close, to be closed (intransitive / 自動詞)
• しめる — to close something (transitive / 他動詞)
• 〜ています — (with intransitive verb) expresses a resulting state