N4 Grammar · Test 12

The correct answer is 3 (おっしゃい). The pattern here is V-ますstem + ください, forming a respectful request. おっしゃる is the respectful (尊敬) form of 言う (to say). It belongs to a special group of godan verbs (along with なさる, いらっしゃる, くださる, ござる) whose ます-form is irregular: おっしゃいます (not おっしゃります). The stem before ます is therefore おっしゃい, and attaching ください gives おっしゃいください ('please say/state').

• 1おっしゃりて is not a valid conjugation form. It incorrectly mixes the renyoukei ending り with the て-form.
• 2おっしゃって is the correct て-form of おっしゃる, but the pattern requires the ます-stem + ください, not the て-form + ください.
• 4おっしゃり would be the renyoukei of a regular る-verb, but おっしゃる is irregular: its ます-form is おっしゃいます, not おっしゃります, so the stem is おっしゃい, not おっしゃり.

• おっしゃる — to say (respectful/honorific form of 言う)
• 意見いけん — opinion

The correct answer is 3 (べんりな). The sentence uses the pattern ～ので (because/since). べんり (便利) is a な-adjective. Before ので, a な-adjective takes the な-form: べんりな + ので → べんりなので ('because it is convenient'). The sentence means 'Because it is convenient, I often use a computer.'

• 1へんりで has the wrong reading (へ instead of べ) and uses で, which is not the correct connector before ので. The で form of a な-adjective is used for listing or manner, not before ので.
• 2べんり is the stem form. Before ので, a な-adjective must take な, so べんり alone is incomplete.
• 4べんりだ is the plain copula form. Before ので, だ changes to な, so べんりだ + ので is ungrammatical; it must be べんりな + ので.

• 便利べんり — convenient (な-adjective)
• パソコン — personal computer

The correct answer is 2 (強い). だろう attaches to the plain form of a word. For い-adjectives, the plain form ends in い: 強い + だろう → 強いだろう ('will probably be strong'). The word たぶん (probably) also signals that だろう is used for conjecture. The sentence means 'The wind will probably be strong tomorrow too.'

• 1強く is the adverbial form (連用形) of the い-adjective. It cannot directly precede だろう, which requires the plain (終止形) form.
• 3強くて is the て-form, meaning 'strong and...' — it connects clauses but does not fit before だろう.
• 4強いと is the conditional form (～と), meaning 'when/if it is strong,' which does not fit the だろう conjecture pattern.

• 強つよい — strong (い-adjective)
• たぶん — probably

The correct answer is 4 (みがかなくては). The pattern is V-なくてはいけません, meaning 'must do V.' The verb みがく (磨く, to brush) is conjugated: みがく → みがかない → drop い + くては → みがかなくては + いけません. The sentence means 'You must brush your teeth before going to bed.'

• 1みがけば is the conditional form (～ば). みがけばいけません is not a grammatical pattern for obligation.
• 2みがかないで is the negative て-form. みがかないでいけません is not a valid obligation expression.
• 3みがいても is the て-form + も (even if). みがいてもいけません does not express obligation and is grammatically incompatible here.

• 磨みがく — to brush (e.g., teeth)
• 必かならず — certainly, without fail

The correct answer is 3 (やく). The pattern V-辞書形 + ところです means 'about to do V.' これから (from now on) confirms the action has not yet started, so the dictionary form is required. やく (焼く) is the transitive verb 'to bake/toast,' and with を it correctly takes パンをやく ('to bake bread'). The sentence means 'I am about to bake bread now.'

• 1やいている is the ている form (currently baking). This would describe an action in progress, but これから…ところです requires the dictionary form for an action about to begin.
• 2やけている uses やける (焼ける), the intransitive verb 'to be baked/to burn,' which cannot be used with the object marker を. The ている form also conflicts with これから…ところです.
• 4やける is the intransitive verb 'to be baked,' which cannot take を (パンをやける is ungrammatical). The transitive verb やく is needed.

• 焼やく — to bake, to toast, to grill (transitive)
• 焼やける — to be baked, to get burned (intransitive)

Option 4「よく　いらっしゃいました」means 'Welcome' and is said by a host greeting a visitor who has arrived. In this conversation, A is the host: after welcoming the guest, A says「どうぞ　お上がり　ください」(Please come in/up), and B responds with「しつれいします」(Excuse me (for entering)), which is the standard phrase said when entering someone's home. This fits perfectly.

• 1「いって　まいります」is a humble form (謙譲語/けんじょうご) meaning 'I am going.' It would be said by the person leaving, not by a host welcoming a guest.
• 2「ごめんください」is what a VISITOR says at the door when arriving at someone's home, meaning 'Excuse me / Is anyone home?' A is the host, so this does not fit.
• 3「いってらっしゃい」means 'Have a good trip / See you later' and is said to someone who is leaving. It does not fit a welcoming situation.

• よくいらっしゃいました — Welcome (said by host to arriving guest)
• ごめんください — Excuse me (said by visitor at someone's door)
• しつれいします — Excuse me (said when entering someone's home/room)

Option 2「おだいじに」means 'Please take care of yourself / Get well soon.' It is the standard expression used when someone tells you they are sick or unwell. Since A says they have a headache (頭がいたい) and are going home, B's response「おだいじに」is the natural and correct thing to say.

• 1「お元気で」means 'Take care / Stay well' and is used when someone is going on a trip or leaving for a long time. It is not used for someone who is sick.
• 3「こちらこそ」means 'Same here / It is I who should say that,' used to return a greeting or compliment. It does not fit this context at all.
• 4「かしこまりました」means 'Certainly / I understand' and is a formal business acknowledgment. It would be used by a shop clerk or subordinate accepting a request, not when someone is sick.

• おだいじに — Take care of yourself; get well soon (said to someone who is ill)

Option 4「休ませて　いただきたいんですが」uses the pattern V(causative)＋て＋いただく, meaning 'I would like to be allowed to do ~.' Here, 休ませていただく means 'to be allowed to take a day off.' This is the correct humble/polite way for an employee (社員) to ask the company president (社長) for permission to take a day off. The んですが at the end softens the request.

• 1「休んで　さしあげませんか」is grammatically and semantically wrong. さしあげる is a humble verb for giving to a superior, but 休んでさしあげる would mean 'I'll take a break for your sake,' which makes no sense. The negative question form is also inappropriate.
• 2「休まれて　いただけませんか」is ungrammatical. 休まれる is the passive/honorific form of 休む, and combining it with いただけませんか does not produce a valid structure for requesting permission.
• 3「休んで　いただきたいんですが」means 'I want YOU to take a day off,' which reverses the roles. The employee wants to take the day off themselves, not ask the boss to take a day off.

• 休やすませていただく — to be allowed to take a break/day off (humble causative-receiving pattern)
• さしあげる — to give (humble form of あげる, used toward a superior)

Option 1「おかげさまで」means 'Thanks to you' and is a standard humble response when someone congratulates you. When A says「おめでとうございます」(Congratulations), responding with「おかげさまで」(Thanks to you) is the most natural and polite reply, acknowledging the other person's goodwill.

• おかげさまで — Thanks to you (humble expression of gratitude, often used in response to congratulations)
• おめでとうございます — Congratulations

The correct answer is 2 (に). The pattern is V(辞書形/タ形)＋ことになる, meaning 'it has been decided that ~ / it came to be that ~.' Here, 「来週パーティーをすることになったんです」= 'It's been decided that we'll have a party next week.' The に is the fixed particle in this grammar pattern. The んです at the end adds an explanatory tone.

• 1が would mark the subject, but ことになる is a fixed expression requiring に, not が.
• 3を would mark a direct object, but ことになる does not take を.
• 4で marks means/cause, which is not the particle used in the ことになる pattern.

• ことになる — it has been decided that ~ / it is arranged that ~ (passive/impersonal decision)
• パーティーをする — to have/hold a party