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今 午後 三 時 頃 ですいまごごさんじごろです |
Ima gogo san ji goro desu |
It’s about 3 PM now |
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それ は 何分 かかります かそれはなんぷんかかりますか |
Sore wa nanpun kakarimasu ka |
How many minutes will that take? |
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昨日は何日でしたかきのうはなんにちでしたか |
Kinou wa nan nichi deshita ka |
What day of the month was yesterday? |
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お腹がぺこぺこですおなかがぺこぺこです |
Onaka ga peko peko desu |
I'm hungry! ( very casual ) — very casual b/c this is the onomatopoeic sound your stomach makes when you’re hungry |
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なぜ |
Naze |
Why? (formal) ____ > doushite > nande |
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なんで |
Nande |
Why? (most informal) naze > doushite > _____ |
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どうして |
Doushite |
Why? / How come? (informal but slightly more polite than least formal why) polite to least polite naze > ______ > nande |
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トイレにゴキブリが三ついますトイレにゴキブリがみっついます |
Toire ni gokiburi ga mittsu imasu |
There are 3 cockroaches in the bathroom (つ counter) |
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気が強い人が好きですきがつよいひとがすきです |
Ki ga tsuyoi hito ga suki desu |
I like strong-minded people |
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犬は頭がいいですいぬはあたまがいいです |
Inu wa atama ga ii desu |
Dogs are smart (first particle can be wa or ga) |
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猫は目が大きいですねこはめがおおきいです |
Neko wa me ga ookii desu |
Cats have big eyes |
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私は頭がいい人が好きですわたしはあたまがいいひとがすきです |
Watashi wa atama ga ii hito ga suki desu |
I like smart people |
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私は頭が悪い人が嫌いですわたしはあたまがわるいひとがきらいです |
Watashi wa atama ga warui hito ga kirai desu |
I dislike stupid people |
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それとも |
Soretomo |
or — used for clear, distinct choices in questions; connects full clauses — more casual than mata wa |
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頭がいい人が好きですか、それとも頭が悪い人が好きですかあたまがいいひとがすきですか、それともあたまがわるいひとがすきですか |
Atama ga ii hito ga suki desu ka, soretomo atama ga warui hito ga suki desu ka |
Do you like smart people or do you like stupid people? |
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仕事は何時からですかしごとはなんじからですか |
Shigoto wa nan ji kara desu ka |
(From) What time does your work start? literal: From what time is your work? |
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(それは)いいですね |
(Sore wa) ii desu ne |
That's nice (isn’t it) Sounds good (in response to a plan or idea) |
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彼氏かれし |
kareshi |
boyfriend |
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お邪魔しますおじゃまします |
ojamashimasu |
Sorry to bother you; thank you for inviting me to your home (said when entering someone's home) |
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どうぞお上がりくださいどうぞおあがりください |
douzo oagari kudasai |
Please come up (said when inviting someone into your home, esp if there are steps/stairs ) |
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どうぞお入りくださいどうぞおはいりください |
douzo ohairi kudasai |
Please come in (said when inviting someone into your home) |
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どうぞこちらへ |
Douzo kochira e |
This way, please (said to guide guests to a specific area usually in a home) |
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鉛筆を三本くださいえんぴつをさんぼんください |
enpitsu wo san bon kudasai |
Please give me 3 pencils |
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直 |
直 |
直 |
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うん |
un |
yeah, yes (casual) |
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いかが |
ikaga |
how, how about — more polite than dou Ex. お茶は_____ですか Ocha wa ____ desu ka How about some tea? |
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おかわり |
okawari |
another helping , another serving , refill |
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すみません、パンのおかわりいかがですか |
sumimasen, pan no okawari ikaga desu ka |
Waiter: Excuse me, how about another serving of bread? — wa particle can be used but not necessary |
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ご注文ごちゅうもん |
gochuumon |
order ( polite, honorific ) |
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おかわりはただですか |
okawari wa tada desu ka |
Is the second serving/refill free? |
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どちら |
dochira |
which, which one (2 things, polite) |
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どっち |
docchi |
which, which one (2 things, casual ) |
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どれ |
dore |
which, which one (3 or more things, casual) |
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スイカが好きじゃないですスイカがすきじゃないです |
suika ga suki janai desu |
I don't like watermelons |
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歯ブラシはぶらし |
haburashi |
toothbrush |
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歯は |
ha |
tooth, teeth |
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もう一度言ってくださいもういちどいってください |
mou ichido itte kudasai |
Please say it once again |
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もっとゆっくり言ってくださいもっとゆっくりいってください |
motto yukkuri itte kudasai |
Please speak more slowly |
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茶色いちゃいろい |
Chairoi |
Brown (adj) |
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喉が渇きますのどがかわきます |
nodo ga kawakimasu |
I get thirsty (present, polite ) Literal: my throat dries out |
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喉が渇いたのどがかわいた |
nodo ga kawaita |
I am thirsty ( past tense , casual ) — literal: my throat got dry |
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おやすみなさい |
oyasumi nasai |
good night ( polite ) |
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良い一日をよいいちにちを |
yoi ichi nichi wo |
have a nice day |
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止まるとまる |
tomaru |
to come to a stop, cease (verb) no direct object が (ga) Ex. 車が 止 ま る kuruma ga ______ The car stops |
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元気そうげんきそう |
genki sou |
[you] seem healhy/well (for na adjectives just add sou) |
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忙しそういそがしそう |
isogashisou |
[you] seem busy (i adj loses the last i to add sou) |
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よさそう |
yosasou |
[you/it] seem good ( sou form of ii ) |
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でも |
demo |
but, however — used at beginning of a new sentence that introduces a contrasting idea Ex. Neko ga suki desu. ____ inu ga suki janai desu |
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けれども |
keredomo |
but, however — used to connect 2 contrasting clauses within the same sentence — most formal version |
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けれど |
keredo |
but, however — used to connect two contrasting clauses within the same sentence — less formal than ______mo — more formal than kedo |
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または |
mata wa |
or — more formal than soretomo and ka — rarely used and usually found in older literary text |
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実はじつは |
jitsu wa |
actually, to tell you the truth, as a matter of fact |
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何にしますかなににしますか |
nani ni shimasu ka |
what would you like? (referring to an order at a restaurant) Literal: what would you like to do? |
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ラーメンにします |
ramen ni shimasu |
I'll have ramen (restaurant order) |
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食べましょうかたべましょうか |
tabemashou ka |
shall we eat? — more of a biased suggestion than an open invitation like -masen ka |
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一緒に食べませんかいっしょにたべませんか |
isshoni tabemasen ka |
won't you eat with me? — masen ka is more of an open invitation than the biased suggestion of mashou ka (shall we) |
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手伝いましょうか?てつだいましょうか |
tetsudaimashou ka |
Shall I help? |
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苦手にがて |
nigate |
to be bad at/with, to dislike (shows discomfort, not hatred for something) -na adjective |
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犬が苦手ですいぬがにがてです |
inu ga nigate desu |
I'm not good with dogs / I dislike dogs |
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私は走るのが好きですわたしははしるのがすきです |
watashi wa hashiru no ga suki desu |
I like running Note: の nominalizes run -> act of running |
Practice JLPT