N2 Vocabulary · Test 14

「初年度（しょねんど）」means 'the first year.' The sentence says: 'If you join during April, the first year's membership fee will be free.' 初（しょ）is the kanji meaning 'first/beginning,' and it attaches to 年度 to form a compound noun meaning the inaugural or first membership year.

• 1「発年度」is not a valid Japanese word. 発（はつ）means 'first occurrence' and is used in words like 発表 or 発足, but it does not attach to 年度.
• 2「開年度」is not a valid word. 開（かい）appears in compounds like 開始 or 開会, but not with 年度.
• 3「頭年度」is not a valid word. 頭（あたま/とう）means 'head/top' and does not combine with 年度.

• 初年度しょねんど — first year (of a membership, contract, etc.)
• 入会にゅうかい — joining (a club/organization)
• 会費かいひ — membership fee

「前社長（まえしゃちょう）」means 'the previous president (before the current one).' The sentence says: 'The current president is 15 years younger than the previous president.' 前（まえ/ぜん）is the standard prefix/kanji used to refer to the person who held a position immediately before the current holder.

• 1「先社長（せんしゃちょう）」is actually a real word and can sound plausible, but in standard JLPT usage 前 is the expected and more common choice for 'the previous (incumbent).' 先 is used in words like 先週 or 先月, but 先社長 is less standard in this test context.
• 3「昨社長」is not a valid word. 昨（さく）is used in 昨日, 昨年, 昨季, etc., but does not attach to 社長.
• 4「去社長」is not a valid word. 去（きょ/さる）appears in words like 去年, but does not combine with 社長.

• 前社長まえしゃちょう — previous president (before current)
• 社長しゃちょう — company president

「会員制（かいいんせい）」means 'membership system / members-only system.' The sentence says: 'This is a members-only sports club.' 制（せい）is a suffix meaning 'system/rule,' and 会員制 describes an establishment that operates on a membership basis.

• 1「会員令」is not a valid word. 令（れい）means 'order/command' and appears in words like 命令, but does not attach to 会員.
• 3「会員則」is not a valid word. 則（そく）means 'rule/law' and appears in 規則, but does not form a compound with 会員.
• 4「会員形」is not a valid word. 形（けい/かたち）means 'form/shape' and does not combine with 会員 in this way.

• 会員制かいいんせい — membership system; members-only
• スポーツクラブ — sports club

「家族連れ（かぞくづれ）」means 'accompanied by one's family / families together.' The sentence says: 'The park on a holiday was full of families (with their members).' 連れ（づれ）is a suffix attached to a person/group noun meaning 'accompanied by / bringing along.'

• 1「家族込み」is not a standard word. 込み（こみ）means 'including' (e.g., 税込み), but does not attach to 家族 in this way.
• 2「家族付き」is not a standard word. 付き（つき）means 'with/attached' (e.g., 椅子付き), but does not naturally attach to 家族 to mean 'families together.'
• 3「家族伴い」is not a valid word. 伴い（ともない）is the 連用形 of 伴う (to accompany), but it is not used as a suffix-like compound with 家族.

• 家族連かぞくづれ — accompanied by family; families together
• 連づれ — suffix: accompanied by / bringing along

「真後ろ（まうしろ）」means 'directly behind / right behind.' The sentence says: 'The person in the front seat seems like Ishikawa-san, but from directly behind I can't see their face.' 真（ま/しん）is a prefix meaning 'exactly/directly/true,' and 真後ろ means the position straight behind something.

• 1「本後ろ」is not a valid word. 本（ほん/もと）can mean 'true/main' in compounds like 本心 or 本物, but does not attach to 後ろ.
• 2「正後ろ」is not a standard word. 正（せい/しょう）means 'correct/proper' and appears in 正面, but 正後ろ is not used; the correct compound is 真後ろ.
• 4「完後ろ」is not a valid word. 完（かん）means 'complete' and appears in 完全, but does not combine with 後ろ.

• 真後まうしろ — directly behind; right behind
• 席せき — seat

豊富に（ほうふに）means 'abundantly' or 'richly.' The sentence says the person tries to eat foods that abundantly contain calcium to make their bones strong. 「カルシウムを豊富に含む食品」is a natural and common collocation meaning 'foods rich in calcium.'

• 1鮮明に（せんめいに）means 'clearly' or 'vividly,' used for images, memories, or impressions (e.g., 鮮明に覚えている). It does not collocate with 含む.
• 2活発に（かっぱつに）means 'actively' or 'vigorously,' used for activities or behavior (e.g., 活発に議論する). It does not fit 'containing calcium.'
• 3円満に（えんまんに）means 'harmoniously' or 'smoothly,' used for resolving matters or relationships (e.g., 円満に解決する). It cannot modify 含む.

• 豊富ほうふに — abundantly, richly
• 鮮明せんめいに — clearly, vividly
• 活発かっぱつに — actively, vigorously
• 円満えんまんに — harmoniously, smoothly

穏やかな（おだやかな）means 'calm' or 'mild.' The sentence describes weather that is neither hot nor cold, with no strong wind — a calm, mild condition. 「穏やかな天気」is a natural collocation for 'calm/mild weather.'

• 1柔らかな（やわらかな）means 'soft' or 'gentle,' used for things like skin, light, or expressions (e.g., 柔らかな肌). It is not used for weather.
• 3滑らかな（なめらかな）means 'smooth,' used for surfaces, skin, or speech (e.g., 滑らかな肌, 滑らかに話す). It does not describe weather.
• 4緩やかな（ゆるやかな）means 'gentle,' 'loose,' or 'gradual,' used for slopes, curves, or pace (e.g., 緩やかな坂). While it can mean 'gentle,' it does not collocate naturally with 天気 to describe overall calm weather.

• 穏おだやかな — calm, mild, gentle
• 柔やわらかな — soft, gentle (to the touch)
• 滑なめらかな — smooth
• 緩ゆるやかな — gentle, loose, gradual

確保（かくほ）する means 'to secure' or 'to ensure (a certain amount of something).' The sentence says that because work is busy, it is difficult to secure enough study time every morning. 「勉強時間を確保する」is a standard collocation meaning 'to secure study time.'

• 1制作（せいさく）means 'production,' used for creating works of art, films, programs, etc. (e.g., 映画を制作する). It does not take 勉強時間 as an object.
• 2保存（ほぞん）する means 'to preserve' or 'to save,' used for food, data, files, etc. (e.g., データを保存する). You do not 'preserve' study time.
• 3作成（さくせい）する means 'to create' or 'to prepare (a document, form, etc.)' (e.g., 資料を作成する). Study time is not something you 'create' in this sense.

• 確保かくほ — securing, ensuring (a resource/amount)
• 制作せいさく — production (of creative works)
• 保存ほぞん — preservation, saving
• 作成さくせい — creation, preparation (of documents)

アピールする means 'to appeal' or 'to make something attractive/known to others.' The sentence says the company wants to appeal the goodness of its products to consumers through a magazine ad. 「商品の良さをアピールする」is a very common business collocation.

• 2インストールする means 'to install' (software, equipment). You do not 'install' a product's goodness to consumers.
• 3チャージする means 'to charge' (a battery, a fee, etc.). It does not fit the context of promoting a product.
• 4セットする means 'to set' (arrange, configure). It does not convey the idea of promoting or appealing to consumers.

• アピール（あぴーる） — appeal, make attractive/known to others
• インストール（いんすとーる） — install (software/equipment)
• チャージ（ちゃーじ） — charge (battery/fee)
• セット（せっと） — set, arrange

悔やむ（くやむ）means 'to regret' or 'to lament (a past failure/mistake).' The sentence says: rather than regretting the failure, I will change my mindset and try hard again from tomorrow. 「失敗したことを悔やむ」is a natural collocation meaning 'to regret the failure.'

• 1断る（ことわる）means 'to refuse' or 'to decline (an offer/invitation).' It has nothing to do with dwelling on a past failure.
• 2疑う（うたがう）means 'to doubt' or 'to suspect.' You do not 'doubt' a failure in this context.
• 4あきらめる（諦める）means 'to give up.' While thematically related to failure, the sentence contrasts with 'changing one's mindset and trying again,' so the intended meaning is 'rather than regretting the failure,' not 'rather than giving up.' Giving up would not naturally pair with the nuance of 気持ちを切り替えて.

• 悔くやむ — to regret, to lament
• 断ことわる — to refuse, to decline
• 疑うたがう — to doubt, to suspect
• あきらめる — to give up, to abandon hope