N2 Grammar · Test 1
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1.野党の追及に対し、大臣は満足な回答ができなかったどころか、質問の内容( )理解できていなかった。
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Answer: 1. すら
すら'even', marks an extreme example, after a noun with a negative predicate
野党の追及に対し、大臣は満足な回答ができなかったどころか、質問の内容すら理解できていなかった。
When pressed by the opposition, the minister not only failed to give a satisfactory answer, he had not even understood the content of the questions.
The clue is どころか, which means 'far from' and sets up an escalation to something more extreme. The second clause is negative, 理解できていなかった, and says even the basic understanding was missing. すら marks 質問の内容 as that extreme example, giving the meaning 'even the content of the questions'.
Remember
After どころか, expect すら or さえ to add the more extreme case: 'not A, let alone even B'. Reserve のみ for limitation and こそ for singling out 'precisely this'.
Why not the others
Words
- 野党opposition party
- 追及pressing, questioning
- 大臣minister
- 満足なsatisfactory
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2.最近( )パソコンの調子がおかしい。この状態が続くようだったら一度修理に出したほうがよさそうだ。
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Answer: 3. どうも
どうも'somehow, seems', for a vague uneasy feeling when the cause is unclear
最近どうもパソコンの調子がおかしい。この状態が続くようだったら一度修理に出したほうがよさそうだ。
For some reason my computer has been acting strangely lately. If this condition continues, I had better take it in for repair.
The clue is 調子がおかしい, a vague symptom whose cause the speaker cannot pin down. The next sentence only guesses with ようだったら and よさそうだ. どうも expresses that uncertain, uneasy feeling: 'somehow, it seems'.
Remember
Learn the partners: ちっとも needs a nai-form negative, いったい needs a question, まさか needs denial or shock, while どうも needs only a vague feeling or guess.
Why not the others
Words
- 調子condition, state
- おかしいstrange, wrong
- 状態condition, situation
- 修理repair
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3.めったに出かけないのに、外出するとき( )大雨になる。
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Answer: 2. にかぎって
〜にかぎって'precisely when', for an unlucky coincidence limited to that time
めったに出かけないのに、外出するときにかぎって大雨になる。
Although I rarely go out, it pours with rain precisely when I do go out.
The clues are めったに with a negative, meaning 'rarely', plus のに, which sets up a contrast. The bad result 大雨になる happens limited to 外出するとき. にかぎって marks that ironic timing: 'just on those occasions'.
Remember
Use にかぎって for complaining about bad timing limited to one case. Use にあたって and に際して for formal occasions like ceremonies or starting a project.
Why not the others
Words
- めったにrarely, seldom
- 外出going out
- 大雨heavy rain
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4.昨夜よく眠れなかった( )、体がだるい。
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Answer: 4. せいか
〜せいか'perhaps because of', after the plain form to guess at a cause
昨夜よく眠れなかったせいか、体がだるい。
Perhaps because I did not sleep well last night, my body feels heavy and sluggish.
The second clause 体がだるい is a present symptom, and the speaker is guessing at its cause. The か in せいか adds uncertainty, 'perhaps because'. It follows the plain past form 眠れなかった, which is the required form before せいか.
Remember
Use せい for a confident bad cause and せいか when you are guessing. Both follow the plain form, while からには must be followed by resolve or duty.
Why not the others
Words
- 昨夜last night
- 眠るto sleep
- 体body
- だるいsluggish, heavy
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5.初めてこの町を訪れたが、不思議な( )、ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする。
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Answer: 1. ことに
不思議なことに'strangely, to my surprise', emotion phrase before a feeling
初めてこの町を訪れたが、不思議なことに、ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする。
I visited this town for the first time, but strangely, I feel as if I have lived here for a long time.
The second clause ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする expresses the speaker's feeling. 不思議なことに frames that feeling with surprise. The clue 不思議な is an emotion word, and ことに turns an adjective into a comment on the whole situation.
Remember
Use ことに after an emotion adjective to comment on a situation. Use のに or くせに for contrast against expectation, and うえに to add one more point in the same direction.
Why not the others
Words
- 不思議strange, mysterious
- 訪れるto visit
- ずっとall along, for a long time
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6.もうすぐ高校卒業だ。この学校で先生や友達と過ごす _____ _____ ★ _____。
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Answer: 2. と思うと
〜と思うと'when I think that...', clause + と思うと leads to a feeling
もうすぐ高校卒業だ。この学校で先生や友達と過ごすのもあと数週間と思うと寂しさが増してくる。
Graduation is coming soon. When I think that I have only a few more weeks to spend with my teachers and friends at this school, I feel increasingly sad.
The verb before the blanks, 過ごす, needs the nominalizer のも to become 'also spending time'. The sentence ends with an emotion, so 寂しさが増してくる must be last. Between them, あと数週間 gives the remaining time and と思うと connects that thought to the feeling, so と思うと is third.
Remember
Spot the chunk の + も + time period + と思うと + emotion. For order questions, first fix what attaches to the words outside the blanks, here 過ごす + のも and the final predicate.
Why not the others
Words
- 卒業graduation
- 過ごすto spend time
- あと数週間(あとすうしゅうかん)a few more weeks
- 寂しさloneliness, sadness
- 増すto increase
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7.遠足の日の朝、娘は、「いってきます」と _____ _____ ★ _____ 飛び出していった。
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Answer: 4. のうちに
〜か〜ないかのうちに'before one even finishes...', with か pair + のうちに
遠足の日の朝、娘は、「いってきます」と言い終わるか終わらないかのうちに玄関を飛び出していった。
On the morning of the school trip, my daughter dashed out through the front door before she had even finished saying 'I'm off'.
The quoted と needs the verb 言い終わるか first. That pairs with 終わらないか to make the chunk 言い終わるか終わらないか, meaning whether finished or not. That whole か pair plus のうちに means 'while, before even', and the remaining 玄関を must be last because を marks the place exited by 飛び出す.
Remember
Spot か...かのうちに as one chunk meaning 'before something even finishes'. Also remember を + 飛び出す for going out through a door or entrance.
Why not the others
Words
- 遠足school excursion
- 玄関entrance, front door
- 飛び出す(とびだす)to dash out
- 言い終わる(いいおわる)to finish saying
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8.参考書を読んで完璧に _____ _____ ★ _____ ということがよくある。
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Answer: 2. 問題を解いてみると
理解したつもりでも'even though I thought I understood', ta-form + つもり + でも
参考書を読んで完璧に理解したつもりでも問題を解いてみるとできないということがよくある。
It often happens that even though I feel I have perfectly understood a reference book after reading it, I cannot solve the problems when I try.
理解した must follow 完璧に to make 完璧に理解した, and it joins with つもりでも to form one chunk, 理解したつもりでも, meaning thinking one has understood. 問題を解いてみると must come before できない to make the try and result pair, and できない then connects to ということがよくある to close the sentence. So 問題を解いてみると sits in third position, between つもりでも and できない.
Remember
Spot the chunk ta-form + つもりでも, meaning even though one thought one had done something. Build that chunk first, then keep a てみると conditional together with its result.
Why not the others
Words
- 参考書reference book
- 完璧perfect, complete
- 理解するto understand
- 解くto solve
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9.この池に _____ _____ ★ _____ そうだ。
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Answer: 4. 100年以上生きる
すむ魚のなかには〜ものもいるそうだ'among the fish living in', relative clause + hearsay そうだ
この池にすむ魚のなかには100年以上生きるものもいるそうだ。
I hear that among the fish living in this pond, there are some that live for over 100 years.
すむ must come right after この池に to modify 魚, giving この池にすむ魚, the fish living in this pond. 魚のなかには then sets the range meaning among the fish, and it needs a predicate of existence, which is ものもいる at the end before そうだ. Between them sits the long modifier 100年以上生きる describing もの, so it occupies the third position.
Remember
When place + に is followed by a verb, expect a relative clause modifying the next noun, as in この池にすむ魚. Keep a long modifier + もの + いる together as the existence pattern before そうだ.
Why not the others
Words
- 池pond
- すむto live, inhabit
- 魚fish
- 生きるto live, be alive
- 以上more than, over
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