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N2 Grammar · Test 1

  1. 1.野党の追及に対し、大臣は満足な回答ができなかったどころか、質問の内容( )理解できていなかった。

    1. 1 すら
    2. 2 こそ
    3. 3 のみ
    4. 4 ほど
    Show answer

    Answer: 1. すら

    すら'even', marks an extreme example, after a noun with a negative predicate

    野党の追及に対し、大臣は満足な回答ができなかったどころか、質問の内容すら理解できていなかった。

    When pressed by the opposition, the minister not only failed to give a satisfactory answer, he had not even understood the content of the questions.

    The clue is どころか, which means 'far from' and sets up an escalation to something more extreme. The second clause is negative, 理解できていなかった, and says even the basic understanding was missing. すら marks 質問の内容 as that extreme example, giving the meaning 'even the content of the questions'.

    Remember

    After どころか, expect すら or さえ to add the more extreme case: 'not A, let alone even B'. Reserve のみ for limitation and こそ for singling out 'precisely this'.

    Why not the others
    • 2こそ

      こそ emphasizes a specific item as exactly the one in question, as in これこそ. It does not create the 'not A, let alone B' escalation required by どころか with a negative.

    • 3のみ

      のみ means 'only, merely' and limits something to one item. That is the opposite of すら here, which adds an extreme case to show how bad the situation was.

    • 4ほど

      ほど means 'to the extent of' and is used for degree or comparison. It cannot mark an extreme example after a noun in a どころか sentence like this.

    Words

    • 野党やとうopposition party
    • 追及ついきゅうpressing, questioning
    • 大臣だいじんminister
    • 満足まんぞくなsatisfactory
  2. 2.最近( )パソコンの調子がおかしい。この状態が続くようだったら一度修理に出したほうがよさそうだ。

    1. 1 ちっとも
    2. 2 いったい
    3. 3 どうも
    4. 4 まさか
    Show answer

    Answer: 3. どうも

    どうも'somehow, seems', for a vague uneasy feeling when the cause is unclear

    最近どうもパソコンの調子がおかしい。この状態が続くようだったら一度修理に出したほうがよさそうだ。

    For some reason my computer has been acting strangely lately. If this condition continues, I had better take it in for repair.

    The clue is 調子がおかしい, a vague symptom whose cause the speaker cannot pin down. The next sentence only guesses with ようだったら and よさそうだ. どうも expresses that uncertain, uneasy feeling: 'somehow, it seems'.

    Remember

    Learn the partners: ちっとも needs a nai-form negative, いったい needs a question, まさか needs denial or shock, while どうも needs only a vague feeling or guess.

    Why not the others
    • 1ちっとも

      ちっとも means '(not) at all' and must pair with a negative predicate, as in ちっとも分からない. Here 調子がおかしい is affirmative, so it cannot be used.

    • 2いったい

      いったい means 'what on earth' and strengthens a question word in an interrogative sentence. There is no question in this sentence, so it fails.

    • 4まさか

      まさか means 'surely not, no way' and expresses strong denial or disbelief about something unexpected. It does not describe a continuing vague problem.

    Words

    • 調子ちょうしcondition, state
    • おかしいstrange, wrong
    • 状態じょうたいcondition, situation
    • 修理しゅうりrepair
  3. 3.めったに出かけないのに、外出するとき( )大雨になる。

    1. 1 にあたって
    2. 2 にかぎって
    3. 3 において
    4. 4 に際して
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. にかぎって

    〜にかぎって'precisely when', for an unlucky coincidence limited to that time

    めったに出かけないのに、外出するときにかぎって大雨になる。

    Although I rarely go out, it pours with rain precisely when I do go out.

    The clues are めったに with a negative, meaning 'rarely', plus のに, which sets up a contrast. The bad result 大雨になる happens limited to 外出するとき. にかぎって marks that ironic timing: 'just on those occasions'.

    Remember

    Use にかぎって for complaining about bad timing limited to one case. Use にあたって and に際して for formal occasions like ceremonies or starting a project.

    Why not the others
    • 1にあたって

      にあたって means 'on the occasion of' an important formal act, as in 開業にあたって. It does not describe an unlucky coincidence in daily life.

    • 3において

      において means 'in, at' for a formal place, time or field, as in 会議において. It only locates an event and cannot express 'precisely when' with irony.

    • 4に際して

      に際して means 'on the occasion of' an important event, as in 卒業に際して. It is formal and neutral, not used for complaining about bad timing.

    Words

    • めったにrarely, seldom
    • 外出がいしゅつgoing out
    • 大雨おおあめheavy rain
  4. 4.昨夜よく眠れなかった( )、体がだるい。

    1. 1 からには
    2. 2 わけか
    3. 3 あまりに
    4. 4 せいか
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. せいか

    〜せいか'perhaps because of', after the plain form to guess at a cause

    昨夜よく眠れなかったせいか、体がだるい。

    Perhaps because I did not sleep well last night, my body feels heavy and sluggish.

    The second clause 体がだるい is a present symptom, and the speaker is guessing at its cause. The か in せいか adds uncertainty, 'perhaps because'. It follows the plain past form 眠れなかった, which is the required form before せいか.

    Remember

    Use せい for a confident bad cause and せいか when you are guessing. Both follow the plain form, while からには must be followed by resolve or duty.

    Why not the others
    • 1からには

      からには means 'given that, now that' and is followed by determination or obligation, as in やるからには. It cannot simply link a guessed cause to 体がだるい.

    • 2わけか

      わけか combines わけ, which gives an explanatory conclusion, with か, which questions or recalls. It does not function as a cause marker like 'because' before a symptom.

    • 3あまりに

      あまりに expresses 'due to excess', as in 心配のあまりに, and cannot follow the ta-form 眠れなかった directly here. It also states excess as a fact, not a guess with か.

    Words

    • 昨夜さくやlast night
    • 眠ねむるto sleep
    • 体からだbody
    • だるいsluggish, heavy
  5. 5.初めてこの町を訪れたが、不思議な( )、ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする。

    1. 1 ことに
    2. 2 うえに
    3. 3 くせに
    4. 4 ものに
    Show answer

    Answer: 1. ことに

    不思議なことに'strangely, to my surprise', emotion phrase before a feeling

    初めてこの町を訪れたが、不思議なことに、ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする。

    I visited this town for the first time, but strangely, I feel as if I have lived here for a long time.

    The second clause ずっと前からここに住んでいるような気がする expresses the speaker's feeling. 不思議なことに frames that feeling with surprise. The clue 不思議な is an emotion word, and ことに turns an adjective into a comment on the whole situation.

    Remember

    Use ことに after an emotion adjective to comment on a situation. Use のに or くせに for contrast against expectation, and うえに to add one more point in the same direction.

    Why not the others
    • 2うえに

      うえに means 'in addition, on top of that' and adds another fact in the same direction. It does not express surprise or emotion, so it cannot frame 気がする here.

    • 3くせに

      くせに means 'even though' with criticism or blame for a contradiction. There is no one to criticize here, only the speaker's strange feeling, so the blaming nuance fails.

    • 4ものに

      ものに alone is not a connector for surprise or contrast here. It imitates ものの ('although') or ものだから ('because'), but neither form nor meaning fits 不思議な plus a feeling.

    Words

    • 不思議ふしぎstrange, mysterious
    • 訪おとずれるto visit
    • ずっとall along, for a long time
  1. 6.もうすぐ高校卒業だ。この学校で先生や友達と過ごす _____ _____ ★ _____。

    1. 1 あと数週間
    2. 2 と思うと
    3. 3 のも
    4. 4 寂しさが増してくる
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. と思うと

    〜と思うと'when I think that...', clause + と思うと leads to a feeling

    もうすぐ高校卒業だ。この学校で先生や友達と過ごすのもあと数週間と思うと寂しさが増してくる。

    Graduation is coming soon. When I think that I have only a few more weeks to spend with my teachers and friends at this school, I feel increasingly sad.

    The verb before the blanks, 過ごす, needs the nominalizer のも to become 'also spending time'. The sentence ends with an emotion, so 寂しさが増してくる must be last. Between them, あと数週間 gives the remaining time and と思うと connects that thought to the feeling, so と思うと is third.

    Remember

    Spot the chunk の + も + time period + と思うと + emotion. For order questions, first fix what attaches to the words outside the blanks, here 過ごす + のも and the final predicate.

    Why not the others
    • 1あと数週間

      あと数週間 means 'a few more weeks'. It is a time phrase that goes second, directly before と思うと, and cannot be third because the third slot must link the thought to the main clause.

    • 3のも

      のも is の nominalizer plus も, meaning 'also doing'. It attaches directly to 過ごす and must be first, not third, because the verb before the blanks fixes it.

    • 4寂しさが増してくる

      寂しさが増してくる means 'loneliness grows'. It contains てくる for a change coming about and must be the final main clause, so it cannot sit in the middle.

    Words

    • 卒業そつぎょうgraduation
    • 過すごすto spend time
    • あと数週間(あとすうしゅうかん)a few more weeks
    • 寂さびしさloneliness, sadness
    • 増ますto increase
  2. 7.遠足の日の朝、娘は、「いってきます」と _____ _____ ★ _____ 飛び出していった。

    1. 1 終わらないか
    2. 2 言い終わるか
    3. 3 玄関を
    4. 4 のうちに
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. のうちに

    〜か〜ないかのうちに'before one even finishes...', with か pair + のうちに

    遠足の日の朝、娘は、「いってきます」と言い終わるか終わらないかのうちに玄関を飛び出していった。

    On the morning of the school trip, my daughter dashed out through the front door before she had even finished saying 'I'm off'.

    The quoted と needs the verb 言い終わるか first. That pairs with 終わらないか to make the chunk 言い終わるか終わらないか, meaning whether finished or not. That whole か pair plus のうちに means 'while, before even', and the remaining 玄関を must be last because を marks the place exited by 飛び出す.

    Remember

    Spot か...かのうちに as one chunk meaning 'before something even finishes'. Also remember を + 飛び出す for going out through a door or entrance.

    Why not the others
    • 1終わらないか

      終わらないか is the negative second half of the か pair. It goes second and joins with か to connect to のうちに, not in another position.

    • 2言い終わるか

      言い終わるか means 'whether she finishes saying'. It follows the quote with と and starts the か pair, so it goes first.

    • 3玄関を

      玄関を means 'through the front door'. The particle を with a movement verb like 飛び出す marks the exit point, so it must sit just before 飛び出していった, in fourth place.

    Words

    • 遠足えんそくschool excursion
    • 玄関げんかんentrance, front door
    • 飛び出す(とびだす)to dash out
    • 言い終わる(いいおわる)to finish saying
  3. 8.参考書を読んで完璧に _____ _____ ★ _____ ということがよくある。

    1. 1 理解した
    2. 2 問題を解いてみると
    3. 3 できない
    4. 4 つもりでも
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. 問題を解いてみると

    理解したつもりでも'even though I thought I understood', ta-form + つもり + でも

    参考書を読んで完璧に理解したつもりでも問題を解いてみるとできないということがよくある。

    It often happens that even though I feel I have perfectly understood a reference book after reading it, I cannot solve the problems when I try.

    理解した must follow 完璧に to make 完璧に理解した, and it joins with つもりでも to form one chunk, 理解したつもりでも, meaning thinking one has understood. 問題を解いてみると must come before できない to make the try and result pair, and できない then connects to ということがよくある to close the sentence. So 問題を解いてみると sits in third position, between つもりでも and できない.

    Remember

    Spot the chunk ta-form + つもりでも, meaning even though one thought one had done something. Build that chunk first, then keep a てみると conditional together with its result.

    Why not the others
    • 1理解した

      理解した is the ta-form of 理解する, to understand. It really goes first, right after 完璧に, because only a verb can complete 完璧に and start the chunk ending in つもりでも.

    • 3できない

      できない means cannot do, here cannot solve. It really goes last, directly before ということ, because it is the result of the conditional 問題を解いてみると.

    • 4つもりでも

      つもりでも means even though one thinks, here even though one thinks one understood. It really goes second, right after 理解した, because つもり attaches to the ta-form to express that belief.

    Words

    • 参考書さんこうしょreference book
    • 完璧かんぺきperfect, complete
    • 理解りかいするto understand
    • 解とくto solve
  4. 9.この池に _____ _____ ★ _____ そうだ。

    1. 1 ものもいる
    2. 2 すむ
    3. 3 魚のなかには
    4. 4 100年以上生きる
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. 100年以上生きる

    すむ魚のなかには〜ものもいるそうだ'among the fish living in', relative clause + hearsay そうだ

    この池にすむ魚のなかには100年以上生きるものもいるそうだ。

    I hear that among the fish living in this pond, there are some that live for over 100 years.

    すむ must come right after この池に to modify 魚, giving この池にすむ魚, the fish living in this pond. 魚のなかには then sets the range meaning among the fish, and it needs a predicate of existence, which is ものもいる at the end before そうだ. Between them sits the long modifier 100年以上生きる describing もの, so it occupies the third position.

    Remember

    When place + に is followed by a verb, expect a relative clause modifying the next noun, as in この池にすむ魚. Keep a long modifier + もの + いる together as the existence pattern before そうだ.

    Why not the others
    • 1ものもいる

      ものもいる means there are also ones that, with もの nominalizing the verb before it and いる showing existence. It really goes last, before そうだ, because そうだ for hearsay follows the plain form いる.

    • 2すむ

      すむ is the dictionary form meaning to live or inhabit. It really goes first, after この池に, because it must form a relative clause modifying the noun 魚.

    • 3魚のなかには

      魚のなかには means among the fish, marking the group being described. It really goes second, after この池にすむ, to introduce the topic that ものもいる comments on.

    Words

    • 池いけpond
    • すむto live, inhabit
    • 魚さかなfish
    • 生いきるto live, be alive
    • 以上いじょうmore than, over

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