N2 Vocabulary · Test 43

散らかって (ちらかって) means 'to be scattered/messy.' The sentence describes the aftermath of children playing: 'After children play, toys are scattered around.' The verb 散らかる describes a state of things being left in disorder, and 〜ている indicates the resulting state. This fits perfectly with toys after playtime.

• 1飛び越えて (とびこえて) means 'to jump over.' Toys do not jump over anything; this makes no sense in context.
• 3見わたして (みわたして) means 'to look around / survey (a wide area).' This is something a person does, not a state toys can be in.
• 4落ち込んで (おちこんで) means 'to be depressed / to fall into.' This describes a person's emotional state or something physically falling into a hole, not scattered toys.

• 散ちらかる — to be scattered, to be in disorder (of things)
• 飛び越える（とびこえる） — to jump over, to leap across
• 見みわたす — to look out over, to survey
• 落ち込む（おちこむ） — to be depressed, to fall into

辞退 (じたい) means 'to decline / to turn down (an offer or position).' The sentence says Tanaka was selected for the Japan national soccer team but declined the selection citing injury. 辞退する is the standard word for formally declining an appointment or honor, which fits perfectly.

• 1避難 (ひなん) means 'evacuation / taking refuge.' This is used for fleeing from danger (e.g., natural disasters), not for declining a team selection.
• 2逃避 (とうひ) means 'escapism / evading.' This refers to running away from reality or responsibility psychologically, not a formal withdrawal from a team.
• 3退場 (たいじょう) means 'leaving the venue / being sent off (e.g., in a sports match).' This refers to exiting a playing field or venue during a game, not declining a selection beforehand.

• 辞退じたい — to decline, to turn down (an offer/position)
• 避難ひなん — evacuation, taking refuge
• 逃避とうひ — escapism, evasion
• 退場たいじょう — leaving the venue, being sent off

得た (えた) means 'obtained / gotten.' The sentence reads 'The results obtained in this survey, we want to use for future service improvement.' 得た結果 (results obtained) is a natural and common collocation where the past tense modifies the noun 結果.

• 1にぎった (握った, from 握る) means 'grasped / squeezed (with the hand).' You cannot 'grasp' survey results in this sense.
• 2はさんだ (挟んだ, from 挟む) means 'sandwiched / inserted / pinched between.' This does not collocate with 結果 (results).
• 4込めた (こめた, from 込める) means 'packed / loaded / put into (e.g., 想いを込める = to put feeling into).' Survey results are not 'packed' or 'loaded.'

• 得える — to obtain, to get, to acquire
• 握にぎる — to grasp, to grip
• 挟はさむ — to sandwich, to insert between
• 込こめる — to pack, to load, to put into (e.g., feelings)

抱えて (かかえて) means 'to carry (something bulky/heavy) in one's arms or under one's arm.' The sentence says 'Because I was carrying large luggage, I couldn't answer my phone.' 抱える is the correct verb for carrying large, cumbersome items, and 〜ていた indicates the ongoing state. The て-form connects to いた to show the continuous past state.

• 1抱く (だく/いだく) is the dictionary form, but the sentence requires a て-form before いた (〜ていた). The dictionary form cannot connect to いた in this pattern, so this is grammatically incorrect.
• 2抱いて (だいて, from 抱く) means 'to hug / to embrace (a person or living thing).' This is used for holding someone in your arms affectionately, not for carrying luggage.
• 4抱きしめて (だきしめて, from 抱きしめる) means 'to embrace tightly / to hug firmly.' This is for hugging people, not carrying baggage.

• 抱かかえる — to carry (something bulky) in/under one's arms; to have (a problem/expense)
• 抱だく/いだく — to hug, to embrace; to harbor (a feeling)
• 抱だきしめる — to embrace tightly, to hug firmly

改正 (かいせい) means 'revision / amendment (of a law).' 法律が改正される (a law is revised/amended) is the standard, fixed collocation. The sentence says 'The law was amended, and the application method changed significantly from before.'

• 2改造 (かいぞう) means 'remodeling / modification (of machines, vehicles, or structures).' This is used for physical objects like cars or robots, not laws.
• 3転換 (てんかん) means 'switching / a shift (in direction, policy, or paradigm).' While a policy shift is possible, 転換される is not the standard expression for a law being formally amended.
• 4変換 (へんかん) means 'conversion / transformation (of data, format, or type).' This is used for things like file format conversion or energy conversion, not legal amendments.

• 改正かいせい — revision, amendment (of a law/regulation)
• 改造かいぞう — remodeling, modification (of machines/structures)
• 転換てんかん — switching, a shift (in direction/policy)
• 変換へんかん — conversion, transformation (of data/format)

「ただちに」 means 'immediately / right away.' In this sentence, the problem must be reported to the department head right away, so the closest paraphrase is 「すぐに」(also 'immediately').

• 1「あとで」means 'later / afterwards,' which is the opposite of the intended urgency.
• 3「くわしく」means 'in detail'; reporting in detail is not what ただちに means.
• 4「きちんと」means 'properly / neatly'; it describes how something is done, not when.

• ただちに — immediately, right away
• すぐに — immediately, right away
• 報告ほうこくする — to report

「奇妙な」 means 'strange / odd / weird.' The closest paraphrase is 「変な」, which also means 'strange / odd.'

• 2「にぎやかな」means 'lively / bustling,' describing activity, not strangeness.
• 3「大きな」means 'big / large'; a sound can be large, but that is not what 奇妙な means.
• 4「嫌な」means 'unpleasant / disagreeable'; a strange sound may be unpleasant, but 嫌な focuses on emotional dislike, not on being strange.

• 奇妙きみょうな — strange, odd, weird
• 変へんな — strange, odd

「仕上げる」 means 'to finish / complete (a piece of work).' In this sentence, the materials should be finished by tomorrow, so the closest paraphrase is 「完成させて」(to make complete / finish).

• 1「出して」means 'to submit / hand in / take out'; submitting is a possible next step, but it is not what 仕上げる means.
• 2「直して」means 'to fix / correct'; correcting is different from finishing.
• 4「移動させて」means 'to move / transfer'; unrelated to completing work.

• 仕上しあげる — to finish, complete (work)
• 完成かんせいする — to be completed; to complete
• 資料しりょう — materials, documents, data

「日中」 here means 'during the day / daytime.' The closest paraphrase is 「昼間」, which also means 'daytime.'

• 1「平日」means 'weekdays'; daytime is not the same as weekdays.
• 2「休日」means 'holidays / days off'; the opposite kind of distinction from daytime.
• 3「夜間」means 'nighttime / during the night'; this is the opposite of 日中.

• 日中にっちゅう — daytime, during the day (also can mean 'Japan-China,' but here it is daytime)
• 昼間ひるま — daytime
• 夜間やかん — nighttime

「しめっている」 is from 「湿る」(to be damp / wet), meaning 'is damp / not yet dry.' The closest paraphrase is 「まだ乾いていない」(not yet dry).

• 1「まだきれいになっていない」means 'not yet clean'; dampness is about moisture, not cleanliness.
• 3「もうきれいになっている」means 'already clean'; unrelated to being wet.
• 4「もう乾いている」means 'already dry'; this is the opposite of しめっている.

• 湿しめる — to be damp, get wet
• 乾かわく — to dry