N3 Grammar · Test 19

The correct answer is 3 (難しいことではない). 必ずしも (not necessarily) must be followed by a negative expression. 難しいことではない contains the negative ない, so 必ずしも…難しいことではない means 'it is not necessarily a difficult thing.' This matches the speaker's point: people are surprised, but starting a company isn't necessarily hard.

• 1難しいに違いない means 'it must be difficult.' This is a strong affirmative assertion with no negative, so it cannot follow 必ずしも, which requires a negative predicate.
• 2難しいはずがない means 'there is no way it is difficult' — this is too strong and categorical. 必ずしも requires a partial negative ('not necessarily'), not an absolute denial. Also, 必ずしも…はずがない is an unnatural collocation.
• 4難しいかもしれない means 'it might be difficult.' This has no negative element, so it cannot pair with 必ずしも, which grammatically requires a negative form to complete its meaning.

• 必かならずしも — not necessarily (always followed by a negative predicate)
• ～ことではない — it is not the case that…; it is not a (difficult) thing

The store clerk is asking the customer which set they would like. なさいます is the honorific form of する, so 「どちらになさいますか」means 'Which would you like (to choose)?' This is appropriate respectful language (敬語) used by staff toward a customer.

• 1食べられます means 'can eat.' While grammatically possible as 'which can you eat?', it is unnatural in a restaurant ordering context—the staff should ask which the customer wants, not which they are capable of eating.
• 2差し上げます is a humble verb meaning 'to give (to a superior).' It would be used by the speaker giving something to the listener, not for asking the customer's choice. The direction of respect is wrong here.
• 4ございます is the polite form of ある/いる, meaning 'is/exists.' 「どちらにございますか」would mean 'which one is it at?' which does not fit the context of asking the customer to choose a set.

• なさる — honorific form of する (to do); used to show respect to the listener/subject
• 差し上げる（さしあげる） — humble form of あげる (to give to a superior)
• ございます — polite form of ある/いる (to be, to exist)

Tanaka is politely requesting permission to copy the materials. コピーさせていただけませんか uses the causative form コピーさせる ('let me copy') plus いただけませんか ('could I receive the favor of...?'), forming a very polite request: 'Could you let me copy the materials?' This is the appropriate humble request pattern (使役受身 + いただく) for asking a colleague for a favor.

• 1コピーさせるでしょうか means 'Shall I have you copy?' using the causative to make someone else do the copying. This sounds like Tanaka is ordering Mori to copy, which is the opposite of what is needed.
• 3コピーしたらいかがですか means 'How about if you copy?' This is a suggestion directed at Mori, not a request from Tanaka. It doesn't fit Tanaka's intent of asking for the materials himself.
• 4コピーするのではないでしょうか means 'Isn't it that you should copy?' This is a speculative statement, not a request, and is unnatural in this context.

• 〜させていただけませんか — polite request pattern: 'Could you please let me do ~?' (causative + いただく)
• 出張しゅっちょう — business trip
• 資料しりょう — materials, documents

までなら means 'up to (that point).' 「3巻までなら読んだよ」means 'I've read up to volume 3.' This fits perfectly: B read volumes 1–3 but has not yet read volume 4. The なら adds a nuance of 'as far as' or 'at least up to,' emphasizing the boundary.

• 1ぐらいでも does not form a natural grammatical pattern. ぐらい indicates approximation ('about'), but 「3巻ぐらいでも読んだ」is ungrammatical and meaningless here.
• 2ずつなら means 'if ~ each.' ずつ is used for distribution ('each time, each amount'), which does not fit the context of reading up to a certain volume.
• 4からでも means 'even from.' 「3巻からでも読んだ」would suggest 'even starting from volume 3, I read,' which contradicts the context of having read volumes 1–3 but not volume 4.

• 〜までなら — up to (that point/extent); as far as
• 巻かん — volume (of a book/manga)
• 最新さいしん — latest, newest

The sentence describes being invited by a friend. 行ってみないか means 'Won't you try going?'—a casual invitation. The structure 〜と誘われた ('was invited saying ~') quotes the friend's words, so the quoted part must be the friend's actual invitation. 「行ってみないかと誘われた」= 'I was invited with 'Won't you try going?'' This is the natural invitation pattern.

• 2行ったらいい means 'It would be good if you go.' This is advice/suggestion, not an invitation. It cannot naturally follow と誘われた ('was invited saying ~').
• 3行っただろう means '(I/you) probably went.' This is a speculative past tense and makes no sense as an invitation.
• 4行ってみて means 'Try going' as a direct imperative/te-form request. While it could theoretically be quoted, it is too blunt for a friend's invitation and does not pair naturally with 誘われた the way the invitation form 〜ないか does.

• 〜ないか — casual invitation pattern: 'Won't you ~?'
• 誘さそう — to invite
• 種類しゅるい — kind, type, variety

The correct answer is 2 (ございます). The shop clerk is politely telling the customer where the restroom is: 'It is (ございます) next to the elevator over there.' お手洗い (restroom) is an inanimate object, so the polite form of ある is used: ございます. This is sonkeigo/teineigo for inanimate existence in formal customer-service speech.

• 1おります is the humble (kenjougo) form of いる, used for the existence of animate beings (people/animals) when humbling oneself. A restroom is inanimate, so おります is incorrect.
• 3いたします is the humble form of する (to do). There is no action of 'doing' here — the sentence is about existence/location, so いたします does not fit.
• 4いらっしゃいます is the honorific (sonkeigo) form of いる/行く/来る, used for respected people. It cannot be used for an inanimate object like a restroom.

• ございます — polite form of ある (existence of inanimate objects)
• おります — humble form of いる (existence of animate beings)
• いたします — humble form of する (to do)
• いらっしゃいます — honorific form of いる/行く/来る (for respected persons)

Option 2 「しないように」is correct. The pattern 「〜ように」after a negative verb expresses advice or a warning: 'so that you don't do ~' / 'make sure not to ~'. The doctor is telling the patient not to overexert themselves: 無理をしないように（しなさい／言われた）= 'I was told not to overdo it.' The sentence then explains the result: 'so I took the day off from school yesterday.'

• 1しませんでしたか is a past-tense question form. Embedded inside the quote it would mean 'Didn't you overdo it?', which doesn't fit the doctor's instruction context at all.
• 3しなかったのに uses のに ('even though'), which would mean 'even though I didn't overdo it' — grammatically odd inside the quote and semantically wrong for a doctor's advice.
• 4していませんが means 'I haven't been overdoing it, but...' — this is a statement, not an instruction, and doesn't fit the doctor telling the patient what to do.

• 無理むりをする — to overdo it, to push oneself too hard
• 〜ように — so that ~ / make sure to ~ (used for advice, requests, or warnings)

Option 4 「ぐらいしか」is correct. 「〜ぐらいしか」combines ぐらい ('about/approximately') with しか ('only'), and しか always requires a following negative predicate. Here, 残っていない ('isn't left') is the negative. So 500円ぐらいしか残っていない = 'only about 500 yen is left.' This perfectly matches the context of having spent a lot.

• 1では doesn't convey 'only' or 'about'. 500円では残っていない is ungrammatical and meaningless in this context.
• 2でしか is not a standard combination. しか needs to attach to a quantity or noun directly (e.g., 500円しか), not via で.
• 3ぐらいは means 'at least about ~', which would imply 'at least 500 yen is left' — the opposite of what the sentence says (残っていない = 'isn't left').

• 〜ぐらいしか — only about ~ (must be followed by a negative verb)
• 残のこる — to remain, to be left

Option 1 「になるまで」is correct. 「〜まで」means 'until', and なる means 'to become/reach'. So 170度になるまで温めてください = 'please heat it until it reaches 170 degrees.' This is a natural instruction in a cooking show context.

• 2にしたくなって means 'wanting to make it ~' — grammatically and semantically nonsensical in this instruction context.
• 3になっていって means 'becoming ~ and going' — doesn't fit as an instruction for heating oil to a target temperature.
• 4にするより means 'rather than making it ~' — this would require a comparison structure that isn't present in the sentence.

• 〜まで — until
• なる — to become, to reach (a state/temperature)

Option 3 「誰からも」is correct. The car is the subject of the passive verb 愛される ('is loved'). 誰 ('who/everyone') + から ('from') + も ('also/even') = 'by everyone'. 世界中の誰からも愛される車 = 'a car loved by everyone in the world.' The particle から marks the agent of the passive verb 愛される.

• 1誰かも is not grammatical. 誰か means 'someone', and adding も doesn't produce a valid pattern for 'by everyone'.
• 2誰でも means 'anyone' and is used for conditional/universal statements ('anyone can ~'), but it cannot mark the agent of a passive verb. You can't say 誰でも愛される to mean 'loved by everyone'.
• 4誰かにでも means 'by someone or other' — this would mean the car is loved by some unspecified person, which is far too weak for the dream of making a car loved by the whole world.

• 誰だれからも — by everyone (from everyone), used to mark the agent of a passive verb
• 愛あいされる — to be loved (passive of 愛する)