N3 Grammar · Test 20

降っていなかった is the past negative of 降っている (the progressive/state form of 降る). もう降っていなかった means 'it had already stopped raining (was no longer raining).' The speaker went outside in the past (さっき外に出たとき), and at that past moment the state was already 'not raining.' もう + 〜ていなかった naturally expresses that a state had already changed by a certain past time.

• 1降らない is present/future negative ('will not rain / does not rain'). It does not match the past context set by さっき外に出たとき.
• 2降っていない is present negative progressive ('is not raining (now)'). The reference point is the past moment of going outside, so a past form is needed.
• 3降らなかった is simple past negative ('did not rain'). While close in meaning, もう降らなかった is less natural because もう (indicating a state has already changed) pairs most naturally with 〜ている/〜ていた forms to describe an ongoing state. 降っていなかった specifically describes the state 'was not raining' at that past moment, which is the correct nuance.

• 降ふっている — is raining (ongoing state)
• 降ふっていなかった — was not raining (past state negative)
• もう — already
• さっき — a little while ago; earlier

The customer asks what the red ice cream is. The clerk identifies it: 'It is tomato ice cream.' でございます is the polite/humble copula (polite form of です), so トマトのアイスクリームでございます = 'It is tomato ice cream.' This is the standard polite shopkeeper response.

• 1ございます is the humble/polite form of ある ('to exist / there is'), not of です ('to be'). トマトのアイスクリームございます is ungrammatical — it would need a particle like が and would mean 'there is tomato ice cream,' which does not answer 'what is it?'
• 2がございます = 'there is (tomato ice cream).' While grammatically possible, it answers 'Is there X?' rather than 'What is this?' The clerk should identify the item, not state its existence.
• 4はございます uses the topic particle は with ございます. This would mean 'as for tomato ice cream, there is,' which is an odd, evasive answer to 'What is this?' The copula でございます is the natural identification.

• でございます — polite/humble copula; polite form of です (is/am/are)
• ございます — humble/polite form of ある (there is/exists)

The clerk is speaking to a customer and should use humble language (謙譲語). ご案内いたします = 'I will guide you.' The pattern ご (noun) + いたします is the humble form of する: ご案内(ごあんない) + いたします = 'I humbly do the guiding.' This correctly shows respect toward the customer.

• 1参ります (まいります) is the humble form of 行く/来る ('go/come'), not of する. ご案内に参ります would mean 'I will go to guide you,' which is redundant and unnatural. The correct humble verb for the action of guiding is いたします.
• 3なさいます is the honorific form (尊敬語) of する, used for the customer's actions, not the clerk's. The clerk should humble their own action, not elevate it.
• 4くださいます is the honorific form of くれる ('to give / do for me'), used when someone of higher status does something for you. It does not fit the ご～する humble pattern and has the wrong politeness direction.

• ご案内（ごあんない） — guidance, showing someone to a place (honorific prefix ご + 案内)
• いたします — humble form of する (to do); used in ご～いたします pattern
• 参まいります — humble form of 行く/来る (to go/come)
• なさいます — honorific form of する (to do), for someone else's action
• くださいます — honorific form of くれる (to give/do for me)

ためなら = ため (purpose: 'for the purpose of') + なら (conditional: 'if'). 列車の写真を撮るためなら、どこへでも行く = 'If it is for the purpose of taking photos of trains, he will go anywhere.' This conveys that Tanaka's love of railways is so strong that any destination is acceptable as long as he can photograph trains there.

• 2ためで is the て-form/連用形 of ため and cannot end a clause conditionally here. The sentence needs a conditional to connect to どこへでも行く. ためで alone leaves the clause incomplete.
• 3からなら = 'if it is because ~.' This would mean 'if it is because he takes photos of trains,' which reverses the logic — taking photos is the purpose/goal, not the reason/cause.
• 4からで is incomplete, like option 2. からで cannot function as a conditional ending for this clause and would need additional structure (e.g., からでないと) to work.

• ためなら — if it is for the purpose of ~ (ため = purpose + なら = conditional)
• ため — for the purpose of; in order to
• なら — if; conditional, 'if it is the case that'

ぐらいまで = ぐらい ('about/around') + まで ('until'). 今週末ぐらいまで続く = 'it will continue until around this weekend.' The sentence says the heat will keep going until roughly the end of this week. ぐらい gives approximation and まで gives the endpoint, which is exactly what is needed.

• 1ごろは uses ごろ ('around/approximately,' used for clock times and dates) + は (topic). ごろ alone means 'around (a time),' but it lacks the 'until' meaning needed. The heat continues TO the weekend, not merely 'around' it.
• 3ごろよりも = 'rather than around ~,' which would mean 'more than around this weekend,' making no sense with 続く ('continues'). There is no comparison intended.
• 4ぐらいに = 'at about ~,' marking a point in time, not an endpoint. The verb 続く ('continues') requires an endpoint marked by まで, not a point marked by に.

• ぐらい — about, approximately (used with quantities, times, amounts)
• まで — until, up to (marks an endpoint)
• ごろ — around, about (used specifically with clock times/dates: ～時ごろ)

The correct answer is 4 (買ったんじゃなくて). 「〜じゃなくて」means 'not ~, but...' Yamada is correcting Kimura's assumption: 'Oh, this — it's not that I bought it; I made it myself.' 買ったんじゃなくて、自分で作ったんです naturally contrasts buying vs. making.

• 1買ったんだって means 'I heard (you) bought it' or '(You) bought it? (hearsay/quotation).' It does not fit as a response correcting someone's assumption.
• 2買わなくたって is a colloquial form of 買わなくても meaning 'even if (you) don't buy.' 買わなくたって、自分で作ったんです is grammatically and semantically incoherent here.
• 3買ってもよくて means 'it's fine even if (you) buy (it).' This does not logically connect to 自分で作ったんです and does not express the intended contrast.

• 〜じゃなくて — not ~, but... (colloquial of 〜ではなくて)
• 自分じぶんで — by oneself / on one's own
• ネックレス — necklace

The speaker is addressing an audience (みなさん) and asking whether they know something. The respectful (尊敬語, sonkeigo) form of 知る (to know) is ご存じです (gozonji desu). Since the speaker is showing respect to the listeners, this is the correct choice. The pattern is 「～を ご存じですか」(Do you know ~?).

• 1なさいます is the respectful form of する (to do), not 知る (to know). The sentence requires 'to know,' not 'to do,' so this is wrong.
• 3申します is the humble (謙譲語, kenjougo) form of 言う/する (to say/to do). Humble language describes the speaker's own actions, not the listener's, so it cannot be used to ask the audience what they know.
• 4お目にかかります is the humble form of 会う (to meet). It means 'I will meet (someone),' which is completely unrelated to knowing a fact.

• ご存じです（ごぞんじです） — respectful form of 知る (to know); used to ask or state respectfully whether someone knows something
• なさいます — respectful form of する (to do)
• 申もうします — humble form of 言う/する (to say/to do)
• お目にかかります（おめにかかります） — humble form of 会う (to meet someone)

大川 wants 石田 to tell him about a good dentist. The pattern ～てほしい means 'I want (someone) to do (something) for me.' Here, 教えてほしいんですが means 'I'd like you to tell me.' The んですが softens the request and leads into the explanation of why (歯が痛くて – my tooth hurts). This correctly expresses the speaker's desire to receive information.

• 1教えたいんですが means 'I want to teach/tell (someone),' which reverses the direction. 大川 is the one who wants to be told, not the one who wants to teach.
• 2教えていいですか means 'Is it okay if I teach/tell?' This also reverses the direction – it sounds like 大川 is offering to teach 石田, which doesn't fit the context.
• 4教えてもらっていますか means 'Have you been getting taught/told?' This is a question about 石田's current state, not a request. It doesn't convey 大川's desire to be told about a dentist.

• ～てほしい — want (someone) to do (something) for me; expresses the speaker's desire for another person's action
• 教おしえる — to teach, to tell, to inform

The sentence describes a situation where most cakes were sold out, and only one each of chocolate and cheesecake remained. ずつ is a distributive particle meaning 'each' (1 個ずつ = one each), and しか～ない means 'only.' Together, 1 個ずつしか残っていなかった means 'only one of each was left.' This perfectly captures the meaning.

• 1ぐらい means 'about/approximately.' 1 個ぐらい残っていなかった would mean 'about one wasn't left,' which is both unnatural and contradicts the intended meaning that one each WAS left (just barely).
• 2ぐらいから is not a grammatical pattern used in this context. から (from) attached to ぐらい makes no sense here.
• 3ずっと means 'throughout' or 'by far/continuously.' 1 個ずっと残っていなかった is ungrammatical and doesn't convey 'only one each was left.'

• ～ずつ — each; distributive particle indicating equal distribution (e.g., 1 個ずつ = one each)
• ～しか～ない — only; nothing but; used with a negative verb to mean 'there is nothing except ~'
• 売り切れる（うりきれる） — to be sold out

でも何でも is a set pattern meaning 'whether it's ~ or anything else / anything and everything.' 授業のことでも何でも相談してくださいね means 'Please consult me about classes or anything else.' The 先輩 is encouraging the junior to come talk about any kind of problem, not just classes. This fits perfectly.

• 1か何かが is grammatically broken. か何か means 'or something,' but attaching が here doesn't create a proper phrase that connects to 相談してください.
• 2と何かに doesn't work. と (and) + 何か (something) + に is not a recognized pattern and doesn't connect properly to the verb 相談する.
• 4など何も means 'nothing at all' when used with a negative. With the positive request 相談してください, it creates a contradiction – you can't tell someone to consult about 'nothing.'

• ～でも何でも（～でもなんでも） — whether it's ~ or anything else; anything and everything
• 相談そうだんする — to consult, to talk over (a problem) with someone