N3 Grammar · Test 28

Option 2 (ならないうちに) means 'while it has not yet become ~' / 'before it becomes ~.' The pattern 〜ないうちに expresses doing something before a state changes. The sister is saying it is past 6 o'clock and they should go home before it gets dark: 暗くならないうちに帰ろう = 'Let's go home before it gets dark.'

• 1なるときで means 'when it becomes,' using ときで which is not a natural pattern for this context. It would suggest 'at the time it becomes dark,' not 'before it gets dark.'
• 3なるまえ means 'before it becomes,' but it lacks the particle に needed after まえ to connect to the verb 帰ろう (なるまえに would be needed). As written, it is grammatically incomplete.
• 4ならない間 means 'while it is not ~,' using 間 (あいだ) which describes an ongoing state. However, 〜ないうちに is the correct and natural pattern for expressing 'before a change happens, do something.' 間 does not carry the same nuance of acting before a change occurs.

• 〜ないうちに — while ~ has not yet happened; before ~ happens (do something before a state changes)
• 過すぎる — to pass (of time); to go beyond

Option 3 (運ばれてきます) is passive + てくる, meaning 'are brought (here).' The vegetables are transported from nearby fields TO this market, so the direction is toward the speaker (てくる), and since vegetables do not transport themselves, the passive voice is needed: 運ばれる (are transported) + てくる (toward here).

• 1運んできます is active voice + てくる, meaning '(someone) will bring (here).' In active voice, the subject would be a person doing the bringing, but the sentence's subject is 新鮮な野菜 (fresh vegetables), which cannot actively bring themselves.
• 2運んでいきます is active voice + ていく, meaning '(someone) will take (away).' Both the active voice (wrong subject) and the direction ていく (away from here) are incorrect.
• 4運ばれていきます is passive + ていく, meaning 'are taken (away).' The passive voice is correct, but ていく indicates movement away from the speaker/location, whereas the vegetables are being brought TO this market, so てくる is needed.

• 運はこばれる — to be transported; to be carried (passive of 運ぶ)
• 〜てくる — action/movement toward the speaker or present location
• 〜ていく — action/movement away from the speaker or present location
• 新鮮しんせん — fresh
• 畑はたけ — field; farm field

Option 1 is correct. The sentence translates to: 'This flower needs to be watered when the soil dries out, but (it's also not good to overdo it). If there is too much water, the roots will rot.' The second sentence '水が多いと根が腐っています' (If there is too much water, the roots will rot) provides the reason why overwatering is bad, making 'やりすぎるのもよくない' (it's also not good to do it too much) the perfect fit.

• 2やらなくていいのがいい means 'it's good that it's okay not to water it.' This contradicts the first half of the sentence, which states '水をやる必要がある' (it is necessary to water it).
• 3やってやるのもよくない means 'it's also not good to do it as a favor.' The verb 'やってやる' implies doing something for someone else's benefit as a favor, which is unnatural here. Furthermore, it doesn't connect logically to the issue of overwatering mentioned in the following sentence.
• 4やらないでおくのがいい means 'it's good to leave it without watering it.' Like option 2, this contradicts the established fact that watering the flower is necessary ('水をやる必要がある').

• やりすぎる — to do too much, to overdo
• 乾かわく — to dry
• 根ね — root
• 腐くさる — to rot, to decay

The pattern ～たり～たりする describes alternating or repeated actions/states. ついたり消えたりしている means 'it keeps turning on and off (flickering).' The subject 電気が requires the intransitive verbs つく (to turn on) and 消える (to go out), which are used here.

• 1ついて消えて uses te-forms, which simply lists two actions sequentially ('turns on and goes out') without the sense of repeated alternation that ～たり～たり conveys.
• 3つけて消して uses the transitive verbs つける (to turn something on) and 消す (to turn something off). With 電気が as the subject, intransitive forms are required, so this is wrong.
• 4つけたり消したり also uses transitive verbs, which do not match the intransitive subject 電気が.

• つく — to turn on (intransitive, of lights)
• 消きえる — to go out (intransitive, of lights)
• ～たり～たりする — doing things such as A and B (repeated/alternating actions)

動かなくなるまえに means 'before (my body) becomes unable to move.' 動かなくなる is the intransitive verb 動く (to move) in negative form becoming 'become unable to move,' and まえに means 'before.' The father wants to travel before he loses mobility — a sense of doing something before it's too late.

• 1動かさないあいだに uses 動かさない, the negative of the transitive verb 動かす (to move something), which does not match the intransitive subject 体が. Also, あいだに (while/during) does not convey 'before it's too late.'
• 2動かさないうちに has the same transitive-verb problem (動かさない). While うちに (while/during) could work with the correct intransitive verb, the wrong verb form makes this option incorrect.
• 4動かなくなるころに means 'around the time when (my body) becomes unable to move.' ころに (around the time of) is too vague and does not convey the urgency of 'before it happens.'

• 動うごく — to move (intransitive)
• 動うごかす — to move something (transitive)
• ～まえに — before (doing something / something happens)
• ～うちに — while, during (a state continues)

Option 3 is correct because the conversation is about an event that has not started yet. Speaker A asks if the match has already started, and Speaker B replies that the opening ceremony is about to take place from now. The word 'これから' (from now) indicates a future action, so we need the dictionary form of the verb plus '〜ところです' (about to do something). Since the subject is '開会式' (opening ceremony), we must use the passive form of the verb 行う, which is 行われる (to be held). Thus, '行われるところです' means 'is about to be held'.

• 1行っているところです means 'is in the middle of holding'. This uses the active voice (行っている) instead of the passive voice, which is incorrect because the opening ceremony is the subject (開会式が). It also implies the action is currently happening, which contradicts 'これから'.
• 2行われているところです means 'is in the middle of being held'. While the passive voice is correct, the '〜ているところです' pattern indicates an action currently in progress. This contradicts 'これから', which means the action has not started yet.
• 4行うところです means 'is about to hold'. This correctly uses the '〜ところです' pattern for a future action, but it uses the active voice (行う) instead of the passive voice. The subject '開会式' (opening ceremony) does not perform the action of holding itself; it is held, so the passive form is required.

• 行おこなう — to hold, to conduct (an event)
• 行おこなわれる — to be held, to be conducted (passive form of 行う)
• 〜ところです — is just about to / is in the middle of / has just finished doing (depending on the verb form preceding it)
• これから — from now, soon
• 開会式かいかいしき — opening ceremony