Option 3 is correct. 急に (きゅうに) means 'suddenly' or 'abruptly,' describing something happening without warning. '部屋から急に人が飛び出してきた' (A person suddenly jumped out of the room) is a natural and correct use — a person bursting out of a room is an unexpected, sudden event.
1急に cannot mean 'quickly' or 'in a short time.' The intended meaning here is that the dish can be made quickly, which would be すぐに (soon/immediately) or 早く (quickly).
2The intended meaning is 'I hurried to the station,' which requires 急いで (いそいで, the te-form of 急ぐ 'to hurry'). 急に (suddenly) does not convey hurrying or rushing.
4The intended meaning is 'I tried it right away/immediately,' which would be すぐに. 急に (suddenly) does not fit the context of eagerly trying something after getting home.
急に — suddenly, abruptly
急ぐ — to hurry, to rush
すぐに — immediately, right away
2.沸騰
1今日は朝からどんどん暑くなり、昼には気温が沸騰した。
2鍋のお湯が沸騰したら、とうふを入れて火を少し弱くしてください。
3昼ごろから具合が悪くなり、夕方熱が沸騰したので病院へ行った。
4このストーブは沸騰するのが早いので、すぐに部屋が暖かくなる。
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Answer: 2. 鍋のお湯が沸騰したら、とうふを入れて火を少し弱くしてください。
Option 2 is correct. 沸騰 (ふっとう) means 'boiling' — the state where a liquid reaches its boiling point and bubbles vigorously. '鍋のお湯が沸騰したら' (When the water in the pot boils) is the textbook usage: water/liquid reaching boiling temperature.
1沸騰 is used for liquids reaching their boiling point, not for air temperature rising. The sentence should use 上がった (あがった) or something similar for temperature.
3沸騰 cannot be used for a person's fever rising. The correct expression would be 熱が出た (ねつがでた) or 熱が上がった (ねつがあがった).
4A stove itself does not 沸騰 (boil); it is the water inside that boils. Saying a stove 'boils quickly' is an incorrect use of 沸騰.
沸騰 — boiling (of a liquid reaching its boiling point)
3.まげる
1今朝は寒かったので、マフラーを首にまげて出かけた。
2けがは良くなったが、腕を伸ばしたりまげたりすると、まだ少し痛む。
3一つのパンを半分にまげて、二人で分けて食べた。
4シャツをきちんとまげたら、たんすの引き出しにしまってください。
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Answer: 2. けがは良くなったが、腕を伸ばしたりまげたりすると、まだ少し痛む。
Option 2 is correct. まげる (曲げる) means 'to bend' something, such as a body part or an object, into a curved or angled shape. '腕を伸ばしたりまげたりする' (to extend or bend the arm) is the correct usage — bending a joint like an elbow or knee.
1Wrapping a muffler around the neck requires 巻く (まく, to wrap/wind around). まげる means 'to bend,' not 'to wrap.'
3Breaking bread (or a food item) in half requires 折る (おる, to break/fold). まげる does not mean to break something into pieces.
4Folding a shirt neatly requires 畳む (たたむ, to fold clothing). まげる means 'to bend,' not 'to fold clothes'.
曲げる — to bend (something flexible, e.g., an arm, a wire)
巻く — to wind, to wrap around
折る — to break, to fold (paper)
畳む — to fold (clothes, etc.)
4.慰める
1祖母は古い物でも捨てないで、長い間慰めて使っている。
2試合を見ながら、優勝を願って一生懸命選手を慰めた。
3仕事で失敗してしまったが、友人が慰めてくれたので元気が出た。
4弟が希望の大学に合格したので、家族で外食をして慰めた。
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Answer: 3. 仕事で失敗してしまったが、友人が慰めてくれたので元気が出た。
Option 3 is correct. 慰める (なぐさめる) means 'to comfort, to console' someone who is sad, disappointed, or distressed. '仕事で失敗してしまったが、友人が慰めてくれたので元気が出た' (I failed at work, but my friend comforted me and I felt better) is the correct usage — consoling someone who is down.
1慰める means to comfort a person emotionally, not to take care of or maintain objects. The intended meaning is 'treasuring/using carefully,' which would be 大切にする (たいせつにする).
2慰める means to comfort someone who is sad or distressed, not to cheer on or support players during a game. The correct word is 応援する (おうえんする, to cheer/support).
4慰める is for comforting someone who is sad, not for celebrating someone's success. The correct word would be 祝う (いわう, to celebrate) or お祝いする (おいわいする).
慰める — to comfort, to console (someone who is sad or discouraged)
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