N3 Vocabulary · Test 47

「きつい」means tough, hard, or demanding (physically or mentally). In the context of work, it means the job is very hard/heavy, which matches option 1「大変（たいへん）だ」(it is tough/difficult).

• 2「簡単（かんたん）だ」means 'easy,' which is the opposite of きつい.
• 3「つまらない」means 'boring/uninteresting,' which is not what きつい means.
• 4「おもしろい」means 'interesting/fun,' which is unrelated to きつい.

• きつい — tough, hard, demanding, strict
• 大変たいへんだ — it is tough, difficult, hard (situation/work)

「くたびれた」is the past tense of くたびれる, meaning 'to get exhausted/worn out.' The closest paraphrase is option 2「疲（つか）れた」(got tired), which conveys the same meaning of physical or mental fatigue.

• 1「忙（いそが）しかった」means 'was busy.' Being busy is a cause of tiredness but is not the same as being tired.
• 3「恥（はず）かしかった」means 'was embarrassed/shy,' which is unrelated.
• 4「困（こま）った」means 'was troubled/in a bind,' which is different from being tired.

• くたびれる — to get tired, to become exhausted
• 疲つかれる — to get tired

「明（あ）ける」means for a period (such as a holiday or vacation) to come to an end. 「休（やす）みが明（あ）けたら」means 'when the break/holiday ends.' Option 3「おわったら」(when it finishes/ends) is the closest paraphrase.

• 1「とれたら」means 'if/when (a break) can be taken,' which refers to obtaining time off, not to a break ending.
• 2「きまったら」means 'when it is decided,' which is unrelated to a break ending.
• 4「はじまったら」means 'when it begins,' which is the opposite of 明ける (ending).

• 明あける — (a period) to end, to come to a close (e.g., 休みが明ける = a break ends)
• 終おわる — to finish, to end

「混雑（こんざつ）している」means 'is crowded/congested.' For a store, this means there are many customers, which matches option 3「客（きゃく）がたくさんいる」(there are a lot of customers).

• 1「客があまりいない」means 'there are not many customers,' the opposite of crowded.
• 2「品物（しなもの）があまりない」means 'there are not many goods/items,' which is unrelated to crowding.
• 4「品物がたくさんある」means 'there are many goods/items,' which describes inventory, not crowding.

• 混雑こんざつする — to be crowded, congested
• 客きゃく — customer, guest

「単純（たんじゅん）」means 'simple, straightforward,' not complex. In the context of rules, it means the rules are easy to understand, matching option 2「わかりやすい」(easy to understand).

• 1「よく知られている」means 'well-known,' which describes fame, not simplicity.
• 3「あまり知られていない」means 'not well-known,' also about fame, not simplicity.
• 4「わかりにくい」means 'hard to understand,' the opposite of 単純.

• 単純たんじゅん — simple, straightforward, not complex
• 分わかりやすい — easy to understand

落ち着く（おちつく）means 'to calm down' or 'to settle down (in a stable state).' In option 4, 落ち着いて is the te-form used adverbially: 'During a fire, let's act calmly.' This is a natural and correct usage — urging someone to stay calm and composed in an emergency.

• 1電車が駅に落ち着いたら — A train arriving at a station is described with 着く（つく）'to arrive,' not 落ち着く. A train does not 'calm down' or 'settle' at a station in the sense of 落ち着く.
• 2棚にずっと落ち着いている — 落ち着く does not mean 'to sit/remain (unsold) on a shelf.' The intended meaning here would use expressions like 置かれたまま（おかれたまま）'left sitting.' 落ち着く describes a person or situation becoming stable/calm, not merchandise staying in one place.
• 3かぎが穴に落ち着いた — A key fitting into a keyhole is described with 入る（はいる）'to go in' or ささる 'to be inserted,' not 落ち着く. Physical objects fitting into slots do not 'settle down' in this word's sense.

• 落ち着く（おちつく） — to calm down; to settle down; to become composed/stable

はかる（計る／量る）means 'to measure' — specifically to weigh or measure quantities such as length, weight, volume, or time. In option 2, measuring flour and butter for a cake is a textbook use of はかる: you weigh/measure ingredients before cooking. This is correct.

• 1りんごの数をはかってみたら — You count the number of apples with 数える（かぞえる）'to count,' not はかる. はかる is for measuring continuous quantities (weight, volume, length, time), not for counting discrete items.
• 3一時間ぐらいで終わるとはかっています — Estimating that something will take about an hour is expressed with 見込む（みこむ）'to expect/estimate' or 見積もる（みつもる）'to estimate,' not はかる. While 図る（はかる）'to aim for / to plan' exists as a homonym, it does not fit this 'I estimate that…' pattern.
• 4生活費を電卓ではかった — Calculating living expenses with a calculator is 計算する（けいさんする）'to calculate,' not はかる. はかる is for measuring physical quantities, not for doing arithmetic on monetary totals.

• はかる（計る）（はかる） — to measure (time, quantity, etc.)
• はかる（量る）（はかる） — to weigh (mass/weight)
• 数かぞえる — to count (discrete items)
• 計算けいさんする — to calculate