N5 Grammar · Test 10

を marks the direct object of the verb 読みます (よみます, 'to read'). しんぶん ('newspaper') is what is being read, so しんぶんを 読みます is correct: 'I read the newspaper every day.'

• 1が marks the subject of a verb or the thing performing the action, but しんぶん is the object being read, not the thing doing the reading.
• 2に marks a destination, target, or point in time, none of which fit here. しんぶん is not a destination.
• 4へ marks direction/destination of movement, which does not apply to the verb 読む.

• 毎日まいにち — every day
• しんぶん — newspaper
• 読よみます — to read

で marks the place or event where an action occurs. パーティー ('party') is the event at which something was done, so きのうの パーティーで 何を しましたか ('What did you do at yesterday's party?') is correct.

• 1を marks a direct object, but パーティー is not the direct object of しました — 何 is the object here.
• 3へ marks direction/destination of movement, not the location/event of an action.
• 4が marks the subject/performer, but パーティー is not the thing performing the action.

• パーティー（ぱーてぃー） — party
• 何なにをしましたか — what did you do?

を marks the direct object. りんご ('apples') is what was bought, and the quantity 3つ ('three') follows. The pattern is (object)を (quantity)買いました: 'I bought three apples.'

• 1が marks the subject/performer, but りんご is the thing being bought, not the buyer.
• 2に can mark a destination or a rate/standard, but it does not mark the direct object of 買いました.
• 3の would link nouns possessively (e.g., りんごの3つ would mean something like 'the three of the apples'), which is not the intended meaning here.

• りんご — apple
• 3つ（みっつ） — three (things)
• 買かいました — bought

が is used with question words like どの人 ('which person'). In questions asking to identify someone, the pattern is どの人が (name)ですか: 'Which person is Yamashita-san?' が highlights the unknown element being asked about.

• 2を marks a direct object, but どの人 is not the object of an action verb here — the sentence uses です, a copula.
• 3は marks the topic, but with question words like どの人, が is the correct particle, not は. は is used when the information is already known/shared context.
• 4か is a sentence-ending question particle, not a particle that connects どの人 to the rest of the sentence.

• どの人（どのひと） — which person
• 山下やましたさん — Yamashita-san (name)

と marks a companion — the person with whom you do something. おじいさんと よく さんぽを します means 'I often take walks with my grandfather.' と = 'together with.'

• 2を marks a direct object, but おじいさん is not the object of さんぽ — さんぽ is the object (さんぽを します).
• 3の would make おじいさんの a possessive modifier, which doesn't fit grammatically before よく さんぽを します.
• 4へ marks direction/destination of movement. While さんぽ involves movement, the sentence is about the companion, not the destination.

• おじいさん — grandfather
• よく — often
• さんぽ — walk, stroll

きれい is a な-adjective. Its polite negative is きれいじゃありません (or きれいではありません). わたしのへやはあまりきれいじゃありません means 'My room isn't very clean.'

• 1きれくないです wrongly conjugates きれい as an い-adjective (きれく).
• 2きれくありません also wrongly treats きれい as an い-adjective.
• 3きれいありません is missing the copula じゃ/では before ありません.

• きれい — clean, pretty (な-adjective)
• あまり — not very (with negative)

〜ないで means 'without doing ~'. はをみがく (brush teeth) → negative みがかない → みがかないで. きのうははをみがかないでねました means 'Yesterday I went to sleep without brushing my teeth.'

• 1みがくないで is incorrect; the く-stem should change to か before ない (godan verb みがく → みがかない).
• 3みがないで is missing the か from the godan conjugation.
• 4みがきないで uses the stem みがき, which is not the correct negative base.

• はをみがく — to brush one's teeth

〜てください means 'please do ~'. ひく (to play an instrument) → て-form ひいて. ギターをひいてください means 'Please play the guitar.'

• 1ひきて is not a valid て-form; godan verbs take 〜って/〜んで, not 〜きて.
• 3ひいで is not a valid て-form of ひく.
• 4ひきって is not a valid て-form; the correct form is ひいて.

• ひく — to play (a stringed instrument)
• ギター — guitar

The sentence is あしたは ゆきが ふる でしょう ('It will probably snow tomorrow'). でしょう indicates conjecture/prediction ('probably ~'). Before でしょう, the plain/dictionary form of the verb is used: ふる (降る, 'to fall' for rain/snow). Option 3 is correct.

• 1ふりて is not a valid te-form of ふる (the correct te-form is ふって). Even if it were valid, the te-form does not precede でしょう in this conjecture pattern.
• 2ふって is the correct te-form of ふる, but the te-form is not used before でしょう. The dictionary form ふる is required here.
• 4ふると would mean 'when/if it snows,' which does not fit before でしょう. The pattern 〜と〜でしょう is grammatically unnatural in this context.

• 降ふる — to fall (precipitation: rain, snow)
• 〜でしょう — probably ~; I think ~ (conjecture)

The sentence is そうじを して から でかけましょう ('Let's go out after cleaning'). The pattern 〜てから means 'after doing ~'. The te-form of する (to do) is して, so してから = 'after doing (the cleaning).' Option 1 is correct.

• 2した から uses the past tense た-form, but the pattern for 'after doing' is 〜てから (te-form + から), not 〜たから. 〜たから would mean 'because I did ~,' which changes the meaning entirely.
• 3する から uses the dictionary form + から, which means 'because I will do ~' (reason), not 'after doing ~.'
• 4しって is the te-form of しって (知る, 'to know'), not of する. しってから would mean 'after knowing,' which does not fit the context of cleaning.

• 掃除そうじ — cleaning
• 〜てから — after doing ~
• 出でかける — to go out