N5 Grammar · Test 1

The correct answer is 3 (で). The particle で marks the means or method by which an action is performed. Here, ひこうきで means 'by airplane' — the airplane is the means of transportation used to return to one's country. The sentence means: 'I will return to my country by tomorrow's airplane.'

• 1を marks a direct object of a transitive verb (e.g., ごはんを食べる). 帰る is not a transitive verb that takes を in this way, and an airplane is not a direct object here.
• 2か is a question particle or used in 'whether or' constructions (〜か〜か). It does not express means of transportation.
• 4に marks a destination or target (e.g., 国に帰る). While 国へ already marks the destination, ひこうきに would mean 'onto the airplane' as a location/target, not 'by airplane.'

• ひこうき — airplane
• 国くに — country, home country
• 帰かえります — to return (to one's home/country)

The correct answer is 1 (や). The particle や connects nouns in a non-exhaustive list, meaning 'things such as A and B.' Here, かばんやくつなど means 'bags, shoes, and other things.' The など at the end reinforces that the list is not complete — there may have been other items purchased as well.

• 2は is the topic marker. かばんはくつなどを would make かばん the topic and create an unnatural sentence structure, not a list of items bought together.
• 3も means 'also/too.' かばんもくつなど would imply 'the bag too (as well as shoes etc.),' which doesn't fit the context of simply listing purchased items.
• 4へ marks direction/destination. It cannot connect nouns in a list.

• デパート（でぱーと） — department store
• かばん — bag
• くつ — shoes
• 買かいました — bought (past tense of 買う)

The correct answer is 4 (を). The particle を marks the place from which one departs or leaves. The verb 出る (でる, 'to leave/depart') takes を to indicate the place being exited: 家を出る means 'to leave home.' The sentence means: 'I leave home around 7 every morning.'

• 1に marks a destination or target. 家に出る would mean 'to appear/come out into the house,' which is the opposite of the intended meaning of leaving home.
• 2が marks the subject of a verb. 家が出る is grammatically incorrect here — the house is not the subject performing the action of leaving.
• 3と means 'with' or 'and.' 家と出る would mean 'leave with the house' or 'the house and leave,' which makes no sense.

• 毎朝まいあさ — every morning
• 出でます — to leave, to depart (from 出る)

The correct answer is 3 (に). The verb 会う (あう, 'to meet') takes the particle に to mark the person being met. 田中さんに会いました means 'I met Tanaka-san.' This is a fixed pattern: 〜に会う = 'to meet (someone).'

• 1の is a possessive/linking particle. 田中さんの会いました would mean 'met of Tanaka-san,' which is grammatically incorrect.
• 2を marks a direct object. While some verbs of meeting can take を in certain contexts, 会う standardly takes に to mark the person met. Using を here is not the correct N5 pattern.
• 4で marks the location of an action or means. 田中さんで会いました would mean 'I met at/by Tanaka-san,' treating Tanaka-san as a location or means, which is incorrect.

• スーパー（すーぱー） — supermarket
• 会あいました — met (past tense of 会う)

The correct answer is 2 (が). This sentence uses the pattern 〜は〜が〜(verb), where は marks the topic (ほんだな 'bookshelf') and が marks the subject/agent who performs the action. 父が作りました means 'my father made (it).' The bookshelf is the topic (what was made), and the father is the one who made it. The sentence means: 'My house's bookshelf, my father made it last year.'

• 1を marks a direct object. If you said 父を作りました, it would mean 'I made my father,' which is nonsensical. The bookshelf is already marked as the topic by は.
• 3で marks means/location. 父で作りました would mean 'made it by means of my father,' treating the father as a tool, which is incorrect.
• 4や connects nouns in a non-exhaustive list. 父や作りました is grammatically incorrect — や must come between two nouns.

• ほんだな — bookshelf
• きょねん — last year
• 父ちち — (my) father
• 作つくりました — made (past tense of 作る)

The correct order is: つぎの [4.しんごう] [1.を] [★2.右] [3.に] まがって ください。 → つぎの しんごう を 右 に まがって ください。 'Excuse me, at the next traffic light, please turn right.' The particle を marks the landmark (traffic light) at which the action of turning occurs, and に indicates the direction (right). Option 2 (右) correctly fills the ★ slot in third position.

• 1を is the particle that attaches to しんごう (traffic light) to mark it as the landmark. It belongs in the second slot, not the ★ slot.
• 3に is the directional particle that attaches to 右 (right) to indicate the direction of turning. It belongs in the fourth slot, not the ★ slot.
• 4しんごう (traffic light) is the noun that follows つぎの. It belongs in the first slot, not the ★ slot.

• しんごう — traffic light
• 右みぎ — right (direction)
• まがる（曲がる） — to turn (a corner)
• つぎ — next

The correct order is: 兄 [3.の] [4.子ども] [★1.と] [2.いっしょに] で出かけました。 → 兄 の 子ども と いっしょに 出かけました。 'I went out together with my brother's child.' The phrase 兄の子ども (brother's child) is formed first, then と marks the companion, and いっしょに means 'together.' Option 1 (と) correctly fills the ★ slot in third position.

• 2いっしょに (together) comes after と and describes the manner of going out. It belongs in the fourth slot, not the ★ slot.
• 3の is the possessive particle linking 兄 (older brother) and 子ども (child). It belongs in the first slot, not the ★ slot.
• 4子ども (child) is the noun that follows の to form 兄の子ども (brother's child). It belongs in the second slot, not the ★ slot.

• 兄あに — older brother
• 子こども — child
• いっしょに（一緒に） — together
• 出でかける — to go out

The correct order is: [4.まるくて] [1.色] [★2.が] [3.きれい] でした。 → まるくて 色が きれい でした。 'They were round and the color was pretty.' The て-form まるくて connects two descriptions: 'round' and 'the color is pretty.' The subject marker が links 色 (color) to the な-adjective きれい. Option 2 (が) correctly fills the ★ slot in third position.

• 1色 (color) is the subject noun of the second clause. It belongs in the second slot, not the ★ slot.
• 3きれい (pretty) is the な-adjective describing the color. It belongs in the fourth slot, not the ★ slot.
• 4まるくて (round and...) is the て-form of まるい, connecting the first description to the second. It belongs in the first slot, not the ★ slot.

• まるい（丸い） — round
• 色いろ — color
• きれい — pretty, beautiful (な-adjective)
• おかし（お菓子） — snack, sweets

The correct order is: 駅の [1.近く] [3.に] [★4.ある] [2.本屋] でざっしを 買いました。 → 駅の 近く に ある 本屋 で ざっしを 買いました。 'I bought a magazine at the bookstore that is near the station.' The relative clause 近くにある (located nearby) modifies 本屋 (bookstore). Option 4 (ある) correctly fills the ★ slot in third position, serving as the verb of the relative clause.

• 1近く (nearby area) follows 駅の to form 駅の近く (near the station). It belongs in the first slot, not the ★ slot.
• 2本屋 (bookstore) is the head noun modified by the relative clause 近くにある. It belongs in the fourth slot, not the ★ slot.
• 3に is the location particle indicating where the bookstore exists. It belongs in the second slot, not the ★ slot.

• 近ちかく — nearby, vicinity
• 本屋ほんや — bookstore
• ある（有る） — to exist (inanimate)
• ざっし — magazine

The correct order is: 先週 [4.ともだち] [2.に] [★3.もらった] [1.外国] のこうちゃは とてもおいしかったです。 → 先週 ともだち に もらった 外国 のこうちゃは とてもおいしかったです。 'The black tea from abroad that I received from a friend last week was very delicious.' The relative clause ともだちにもらった (received from a friend) modifies 外国のこうちゃ (black tea from abroad). Option 3 (もらった) correctly fills the ★ slot in third position as the past-tense verb of the relative clause.

• 1外国 (foreign country) connects with のこうちゃ to form 外国のこうちゃ (black tea from abroad). It belongs in the fourth slot, not the ★ slot.
• 2に is the particle marking the source from which something is received (ともだちに). It belongs in the second slot, not the ★ slot.
• 4ともだち (friend) is the person from whom the tea was received. It belongs in the first slot, not the ★ slot.

• ともだち — friend
• もらう（貰う） — to receive
• 外国がいこく — foreign country
• こうちゃ — black tea