N5 Grammar · Test 4

は is the topic marker. The sentence means 'As for this skirt, I bought it at the department store last week.' The speaker introduces 'this skirt' as the topic (what the sentence is about) and then makes a statement about it. This is a very common N5 pattern where the direct object is fronted as the topic using は instead of を.

• 1の is the possessive/linking particle ('this skirt's ~'). There is no noun following for の to connect to, so it doesn't fit.
• 2に marks a destination, time, or indirect object ('to/in this skirt'). A skirt is not a destination or location, so this makes no sense.
• 3で marks the location or means of an action ('at/by means of this skirt'). The skirt is what was bought, not where it was bought or how it was bought.

• スカート — skirt
• 先週せんしゅう — last week
• デパート — department store
• 買かいました — bought (past polite of 買う)

が marks the subject in a descriptive sentence. 風が強いです ('the wind is strong') is a fixed expression. Here 今日は sets the overall topic ('today'), and 風が specifies what is being described about today — the wind is strong.

• 1を marks the direct object of a transitive verb. 強い is an い-adjective, not a transitive verb, so を cannot be used.
• 2の would link two nouns ('wind's strong ~'), but 強い is an adjective, not a noun, so the connection is grammatically broken.
• 4へ marks direction/destination ('toward the wind'). This has no meaning in this sentence.

• 風かぜ — wind
• 強つよい — strong

ぐらい (also written くらい) indicates an approximate amount or duration. 1時間ぐらい means 'about one hour.' The sentence means 'Every day I walk for about one hour.' Since 1時間 is a duration/quantity, ぐらい is the correct choice.

• 1が marks the subject of a sentence. 1時間 is not a subject here; it is a duration, so が is wrong.
• 2に can mark a specific point in time, but 1時間 is a duration, not a time point. You cannot use に with a duration.
• 3ごろ (頃) is used with clock times to mean 'around (a time),' e.g., 6時ごろ ('around 6 o'clock'). It cannot be used with a duration like 1時間.

• 毎日まいにち — every day
• 1時間（いちじかん） — one hour
• さんぽします — take a walk (from さんぽする)

には combines the location particle に with the topic particle は. きょうしつには means 'in the classroom (as for the classroom...).' The sentence means 'In the classroom, please take off your hat.' The に marks the classroom as the relevant space, and は highlights it as the topic — implying a rule or expectation that applies specifically there.

• 1では combines で (location of action) with は. While きょうしつでは can sometimes mean 'in the classroom,' it carries a nuance of 'within the setting/circumstances of the classroom' and is less natural here than には for stating what should be done in that specific place.
• 3へは combines へ (direction) with は, meaning 'toward the classroom.' The sentence is not about moving toward the classroom, so this is wrong.
• 4とは combines と (with/together) with は, meaning 'with the classroom.' This makes no sense in this context.

• きょうしつ — classroom
• ぼうし — hat
• ぬいで — take off (te-form of ぬぐ)

か turns the question word だれ ('who') into an indefinite pronoun: だれか means 'someone.' だれか行きませんか means 'Won't someone go?' / 'Would anyone like to go?' Person A has extra tickets and is inviting someone to come along. This is a standard N5 pattern: question word + か = 'some-.'

• 1だれと means 'with whom.' The sentence would become 'Won't (you) go with whom?' which is grammatically odd and does not match the context of offering tickets.
• 3だれの means 'whose.' This would ask about possession, which does not fit the invitation context.
• 4だれに means 'to whom.' This does not fit — A is looking for someone to go, not specifying a recipient.

• えいが — movie
• チケット — ticket
• 5枚（ごまい） — 5 (flat objects counter)

The correct sentence is: 毎日私は朝ごはんの前にはをみがきます。('Every day I brush my teeth before breakfast.') The full order is 朝ごはん(4) → の(2) → ★前(1) → に(3). The phrase 朝ごはんの前に means 'before breakfast,' and はをみがきます means 'brush teeth.' Option 1 (前) correctly fills the ★ (3rd) position.

• 2の (meaning 'of,' linking nouns) belongs in the 2nd position, not the 3rd. It connects 朝ごはん and 前 to form 朝ごはんの前 ('before breakfast').
• 3に (the time particle 'at/before') belongs in the 4th position, right before はをみがきます, not the 3rd.
• 4朝ごはん ('breakfast') belongs in the 1st position, starting the time phrase 朝ごはんの前に.

• 毎日まいにち — every day
• 朝あさごはん — breakfast
• 前まえ — before (used as ～の前に)
• はをみがきます — to brush one's teeth

The correct sentence is: きのうは雨でしたが今日は晴れましたね。('Yesterday it was rain, but today it cleared up, didn't it.') The full order is 雨(2) → でしたが(4) → ★今日は(3) → 晴れ(1). The speaker contrasts yesterday's rain with today's clear weather. Option 3 (今日は) correctly fills the ★ (3rd) position, serving as the topic after でしたが ('was...but').

• 1晴れ is the ます-stem of 晴れる ('to clear up'). It belongs in the 4th position, attaching to ましたね to form 晴れましたね ('it cleared up, didn't it').
• 2雨 ('rain') belongs in the 1st position: きのうは雨でしたが ('yesterday it was rain, but...').
• 4でしたが ('was...but') belongs in the 2nd position, connecting 雨と today's contrast.

• 晴はれ — clear weather (ます-stem of 晴れる: to clear up)
• 雨あめ — rain
• でしたが — was...but (past polite of です + が 'but')
• 今日きょう — today

The correct sentence is: 海に近くて大きい家に住みたいです。('I want to live in a big house close to the sea.') The full order is 近くて(1) → 大きい(3) → ★家に(2) → 住みたい(4). 近くて ('close and...') and 大きい ('big') both modify 家 ('house'), and 家に marks the destination for 住みたい ('want to live'). Option 2 (家に) correctly fills the ★ (3rd) position.

• 1近くて ('close, and...') belongs in the 1st position. It is the て-form of 近い ('close'), used to chain adjectives modifying 家.
• 3大きい ('big') belongs in the 2nd position, also modifying 家: 近くて大きい家 ('a big house that is close').
• 4住みたい ('want to live') belongs in the 4th position, completing the sentence with です.

• 海うみ — sea
• 近ちかくて — close, and... (て-form of 近い)
• 大おおきい — big
• 住すみたい — want to live (たい-form of 住む)

The correct sentence is: きのう私が読んだ本はおもしろかったです。('The book I read yesterday was interesting.') The full order is 読んだ(3) → 本(2) → ★は(1) → おもしろかった(4). This is a relative clause: 私が読んだ本 ('the book I read'), then は marks 本 as the topic, followed by the predicate おもしろかったです ('was interesting'). Option 1 (は) correctly fills the ★ (3rd) position.

• 2本 ('book') belongs in the 2nd position. It is the head noun modified by the relative clause 私が読んだ.
• 3読んだ ('read,' past tense) belongs in the 1st position, forming the relative clause 私が読んだ ('I read').
• 4おもしろかった ('was interesting,' past tense of おもしろい) belongs in the 4th position, completing the predicate with です.

• 読よんだ — read (past tense of 読む)
• 本ほん — book
• おもしろかった — was interesting (past of おもしろい)

The correct sentence is: 毎週水曜日と土曜日はここでれんしゅうしていますから来てください。('I practice here every Wednesday and Saturday, so please come.') The full order is れんしゅうして(3) → います(2) → ★から(4) → 来て(1). Nakayama explains that he/she practices on those days, so Minami should come join. れんしゅうしています is the ongoing-action form, から gives the reason ('so/because'), and 来てください means 'please come.' Option 4 (から) correctly fills the ★ (3rd) position.

• 1来て ('come,' て-form of 来る) belongs in the 4th position, attaching to ください to form 来てください ('please come').
• 2います (the ongoing-state auxiliary, polite) belongs in the 2nd position, attaching to れんしゅうして to form れんしゅうしています ('is practicing').
• 3れんしゅうして ('practice and...,' て-form of れんしゅうする) belongs in the 1st position, starting the phrase れんしゅうしています ('is practicing').

• 毎週まいしゅう — every week
• 水曜日すいようび — Wednesday
• 土曜日どようび — Saturday
• れんしゅうして — practicing (て-form of れんしゅうする)
• います — is (ongoing state auxiliary, polite)
• から — because/so (giving a reason)
• 来きて — come (て-form of 来る)