N5 Grammar · Test 27

The na-adjective じょうず (good at) modifies the verb うたって (singing) as an adverb. Na-adjectives become adverbs by adding に: じょうずにうたって = 'singing well.' The sentence means 'The children are singing a song well.'

• 1じょうずな — The な-form modifies a noun, not a verb. Here it must modify the verb うたって, so に is needed.
• 2じょうずで — The で-form is used for connecting clauses or means/instrument, not for adverbially modifying a verb in this pattern.
• 4じょうずの — の is not used to turn a na-adjective into an adverb. The correct adverbial form is じょうずに.

• じょうず（上手） — good at; skillful (na-adjective)
• うた — song
• うたう — to sing

The pattern is V-て + ある, expressing a resulting state: 'the windows are open (and remain open).' The verb あける (to open) conjugates to て-form as あけて: あけてある = 'are (left) open.' The sentence means 'All the windows are open.'

• 2あけって — Incorrect て-form. The verb あける is a ru-verb; its て-form is あけて, not あけって (which would be the pattern for a u-verb ending in く/ぐ/う/つ/る).
• 3あきて — This is the て-form of あきる (to get bored), a completely different verb. It does not mean 'to open.'
• 4あきって — This is the て-form of あく (to become empty/open) in some conjugations, but the correct verb for 〜てある with transitive 'to open (something)' is あけてある. あきって is not a valid て-form of あける.

• 〜てある — resulting state: something has been done and remains so
• あける（開ける）（あける） — to open (a window, door, etc.)
• まど（窓） — window
• ぜんぶ — all; entirely

The pattern being tested is the になる (ni naru) construction meaning 'to become.' 好き(すき) is a na-adjective. When a na-adjective is used before になる, you attach に: 好きになります = 'will come to like / has become liked.' The sentence すしがすきになりました means 'I have come to like sushi.' Option 4 (すきに) is correct.

• 1すき alone cannot connect to なりました. A na-adjective needs に before なる.
• 2すきな is the pre-noun form (連体形) used before nouns (e.g. すきな食べ物 'food I like'). It cannot be followed by なりました.
• 3すきで is the te-form of the copula だ used to link clauses (e.g. すきで、よく食べます 'I like it, so I eat it often'). It does not pair with なる to mean 'become.'

• 好すき — liked, fond of (na-adjective)
• なる — to become

Option 1 (安く) is correct. The pattern is い-adjective stem + く + して + ください, meaning 'please make it ~.' 安い (やすい, cheap) drops い and becomes 安く, giving 安くしてください ('please make it cheaper'). The speaker says 'It's expensive. Please make it cheaper,' so this fits perfectly.

• 2安くに adds an unnecessary に. The adverbial form of an い-adjective is just く, not くに.
• 3安いに uses the dictionary form 安い followed by に, which is grammatically incorrect in this pattern. You must use the adverbial く-form before して.
• 4安い is the plain adjective form. Before して you need the adverbial く-form (安く), not the dictionary form.

• 高たかい — expensive, high
• 安やすい — cheap, inexpensive
• 〜てください — please do ~ (request pattern)

Option 2 (出かけた) is correct. The grammar pattern V-た + あとで means 'after doing ~.' 出かけたあとで means 'after (my family) goes out.' The past tense (た-form) is required before あとで, so 出かけた is the correct choice.

• 1出かける is the dictionary form. Before あとで you need the た-form (出かけた), not the dictionary form.
• 3出出かけます uses the ます-form, which cannot directly connect to あとで. (Also, the kanji 出 appears duplicated — see issues.)
• 4出かけていた is the past progressive ていた-form. While not entirely impossible in some contexts, the standard and expected form before あとで is the simple た-form 出かけた.

• 出でかける — to go out
• 〜たあとで — after doing ~
• 掃除そうじ — cleaning