N5 Grammar · Test 46

The sentence means 'I opened the door of the entrance.' わたしは is the agent (the one doing the action), and ドア is the direct object, so the transitive verb 開ける (あける, to open something) with the particle を is required. Option 4, をあけた, is correct: わたしはげんかんのドアをあけた。

• 1があいた uses the intransitive verb 開く (あく, something opens on its own) with が. This would mean 'the door opened,' making わたしは a topic without a clear role — it does not express 'I opened the door.'
• 2があけた uses the transitive verb 開ける but with the wrong particle が. A transitive verb taking a direct object requires を, not が.
• 3をあいた uses the intransitive verb 開く (あく) with を. Intransitive verbs cannot take a direct object with を, so this is grammatically impossible.

• 開あく — to open (intransitive — something opens)
• 開あける — to open (transitive — to open something)
• 玄関げんかん — entrance (of a house)

The sentence means 'There is a ballpoint pen placed on that desk.' The pattern ～てある describes the resulting state of an intentional action — something has been placed/put and remains there. The verb 置く (おく, to put/place) has the te-form 置いて (おいて), so 置いてある (おいてある) is correct. With ～てある, the object is marked by が, which matches ボールペンが. Option 4 is correct: ボールペンがおいてあります。

• 1おきます is the polite form of 置く (おく). With が marking ボールペン, this would mean 'the pen will place,' which is nonsensical — a pen cannot place itself. Also, it lacks the ～てある state pattern.
• 2おきてあります uses an incorrect te-form. The te-form of 置く is 置いて (おいて), not おきて. おきて would be the te-form of 起きる (おきる, to wake up), which is a different verb.
• 3おいています uses ～ている, which describes an ongoing action ('is placing'). This does not fit the context of describing a pen that is sitting on a desk as a resulting state.

• 置おく — to put, to place (godan verb)
• 〜てある — resulting state of an intentional action (something has been placed and remains)
• 机つくえ — desk
• ボールペン — ballpoint pen

The correct answer is 4 (で). The sentence means 'My family is 8 people in total.' Here, ぜんぶで is a fixed expression meaning 'in total / altogether,' where で indicates the extent or total of a quantity. 'ぜんぶで8人です' = 'altogether, it's 8 people.'

• 1が is the subject marker and cannot be used here. 'ぜんぶが8人です' is ungrammatical in this context because ぜんぶで is a set phrase for expressing a total.
• 2の would try to modify 8人, giving 'ぜんぶの8人' (all 8 people), which changes the meaning entirely and does not express 'in total.'
• 3を is the direct object marker and has no role here. There is no action being performed on ぜんぶ.

• ぜんぶ — all, everything
• かぞく — family
• ぜんぶで — in total, altogether

The sentence means 'Because it's during class, please be quiet.' The pattern な-adjective + に + する turns the adjective into an adverbial expression meaning 'to make/do something quietly.' 静か (しずか, quiet) is a な-adjective, so 静かに (しずかに) is the adverbial form. Combined with してくだい, this gives 静かにしてください (please be quiet). Option 1 is correct.

• 2しずかで is the te-form of the な-adjective 静かだ. While で can link clauses, 静かでしてください is not grammatical in this pattern; you need the adverbial に before する/して.
• 3しずかだ is the plain (dictionary) form of the な-adjective. It cannot be placed directly before して in this way; the adverbial form しずかに is required.
• 4しずかな is the attributive (pre-noun) form of the な-adjective, used before nouns (e.g., 静かな部屋). It cannot be used before して in this pattern.

• 静しずか — quiet (な-adjective)
• 静しずかに — quietly (adverbial form)
• 授業中じゅぎょうちゅう — during class
• 〜にする — to make/do something (a certain way)

The correct answer is 3 (書く). The pattern being tested is V-辞書形 + とき, meaning 'when I do ~.' The sentence means 'When I write compositions, I always use a pen.' Since the action of writing and the action of using a pen happen simultaneously as a general habit, the dictionary (plain present) form 書く is used before とき.

• 1書いた is the past tense (書いた). 書いたとき would mean 'when I wrote,' which creates a tense mismatch with いつもペンをつかいます (I always use a pen). While Japanese sometimes allows past tense before とき for completed actions, for a habitual/general statement like this, the dictionary form is the correct and natural choice at the 4級 level.
• 2書いて is the て-form (書いて). The て-form cannot directly connect to とき, so 書いてとき is ungrammatical.
• 4書きに is the 連用形 + に, used to express purpose (e.g., 書きに行く 'go to write'). 書きにとき is ungrammatical and does not fit the context.

• さくぶん — composition, essay
• 書かく — to write
• ペン — pen
• つかう — to use
• とき — when, at the time of

The correct answer is 3 (書く). The pattern being tested is V-辞書形 + とき, meaning 'when I do ~.' The sentence means 'When I write compositions, I always use a pen.' Since the action of writing and the action of using a pen happen simultaneously as a general habit, the dictionary (plain present) form 書く is used before とき.

• 1書いた is the past tense (書いた). 書いたとき would mean 'when I wrote,' which creates a tense mismatch with いつもペンをつかいます (I always use a pen). While Japanese sometimes allows past tense before とき for completed actions, for a habitual/general statement like this, the dictionary form is the correct and natural choice at the 4級 level.
• 2書いて is the て-form (書いて). The て-form cannot directly connect to とき, so 書いてとき is ungrammatical.
• 4書きに is the 連用形 + に, used to express purpose (e.g., 書きに行く 'go to write'). 書きにとき is ungrammatical and does not fit the context.

• さくぶん — composition, essay
• 書かく — to write
• ペン — pen
• つかう — to use
• とき — when, at the time of