N1 Vocabulary · Test 144

まるまる（丸々）means 'completely, entirely, wholly.' Option 3 says 'My hard-won idea was entirely/completely used by someone,' which is the correct usage. まるまる modifies the verb 使われてしまった, indicating the idea was taken whole.

• 1まるまる cannot be used as a noun meaning 'for all the people who came.' The sentence is grammatically incoherent.
• 2まるまる is not a na-adjective meaning 'a great success' or 'well-received.' This usage does not exist.
• 4まるまる cannot modify 寝ている to mean 'sleeping soundly' or 'curled up.' The intended word might be 丸まって (curling up), but まるまる is an adverb meaning 'entirely,' not a way to describe sleeping posture.

• まるまる（丸々） — completely, entirely, wholly (often used when something is taken/used in its entirety)

交付（こうふ）means 'to issue, grant, or officially hand over (funds, documents, certificates, etc.)' by a public/official body. Option 1 says 'Subsidies were granted by the government to each university,' which is the correct usage — 補助金 being officially issued is a perfect collocation.

• 2You don't 交付 taxes to the government; you 納める（おさめる）or 支払う taxes. 交付 is something an authority issues TO someone, not something a citizen gives TO the government.
• 3Salary is 支払われる（しはらわれる）'paid,' not 交付される. 交付 is for official documents/grants, not wages.
• 4Giving a souvenir to a neighbor is 渡す（わたす）or あげる, not 交付する. 交付 carries an official/formal connotation inappropriate for a personal gift.

• 交付こうふ — to issue, to grant (officially), to hand over (funds, certificates, licenses, etc. by an authority)

軽率（けいそつ）is a na-adjective meaning 'rash, thoughtless, careless.' In option 2, 軽率に functions as an adverb modifying 批判する: 'You should stop carelessly/rashly criticizing people.' This is correct usage.

• 1軽率 is not a noun that can be 'caused' (引き起こす). You would say 軽率な行動, but 軽率 itself is not a standalone noun meaning 'carelessness' in this way.
• 3軽率する is not valid. 軽率 is a na-adjective, not a suru-verb. You would say 軽率な行動をする or むやみにする.
• 4The correct form is 軽率な行動, not 軽率の行動. As a na-adjective modifying a noun, it must use な, not の.

• 軽率けいそつ — rash, thoughtless, careless (na-adjective)

露骨（ろこつ）is a na-adjective meaning 'blatant, flagrant, overt, undisguised.' In option 4, 露骨に modifies いやな顔をする: 'You shouldn't make a blatantly unpleasant face.' This is a natural and correct usage — 露骨にいやな顔 is a common collocation.

• 1露骨に見えるようになった doesn't make sense. 露骨 describes behavior or expressions that are blatantly obvious, not how clearly one sees through glasses. The intended word might be はっきりと.
• 2露骨に知らせる is unnatural. You would say はっきりと知らせる or 徹底的に知らせる. 露骨 implies something shamelessly overt, typically about negative attitudes or expressions, not about notifying people of a start time.
• 3露骨に覚えていない is incorrect. 露骨 doesn't mean 'clearly' in the sense of memory clarity. You would use はっきりと here.

• 露骨ろこつ — blatant, flagrant, overt, undisguised (na-adjective, often used for negative expressions/attitudes)

おごる means 'to treat someone (to food or drink), to stand someone a meal.' Option 2 says 'Today I'm treating, so order as much as you want,' which is the textbook usage — offering to pay for someone's food/drinks.

• 1おごる is specifically for treating someone to food or drink, not for giving a book. You would use 買ってあげた or 贈呈した for a book.
• 3おごっていただく is unnatural. When you receive a meal from someone, you say ごちそうになる or ごちそうさまをする. Also, おごる is something the giver does; the recipient would use ごちそうになる.
• 4おごる is for food/drink, not for gifts. A gift would be 贈る（おくる）or あげる. This option is a deliberate near-homophone trap (おごる vs. おくる).

• おごる — to treat someone (to food/drink), to stand someone a meal/drinks

一括（いっかつ）means 'to lump together, to handle/process multiple things as one batch.' Option 4 says 'We decided to process the work each person had been doing all together (as a batch),' which is the correct usage. 一括して処理する is a standard collocation meaning to consolidate and process items collectively.

• 1一括して集まった is unnatural. 一括 means processing multiple items as a group, not 'all at once' in the sense of people gathering simultaneously. The correct word here would be 一斉に（いっせいに, simultaneously）.
• 2Going shopping with one's wife should be 一緒に（いっしょに, together）, not 一括して. 一括 implies batching multiple items/tasks, not two people doing something together.
• 3Drinking a glass of beer in one go would be 一気に（いっきに, in one gulp）, not 一括して. 一括 is about consolidating separate items, not about doing a single action quickly.

• 一括いっかつ — to lump together, to batch, to handle multiple things as one

完璧（かんぺき）is a na-adjective meaning 'perfect, flawless.' Option 1 says 'I was surprised by that actor's perfect acting,' using 完璧な correctly as a modifier before the noun 演技（えんぎ, acting）.

• 2完璧 is a na-adjective, not a verb. かんべきします is grammatically impossible; you cannot conjugate it as a suru-verb. The intended meaning ('he always completes his missions perfectly') would use 完璧にこなす or similar.
• 3かんぺき気をつける is ungrammatical. 完璧 cannot attach to 気をつける this way. The correct expression would be 十分に（じゅうぶんに, sufficiently/fully）気をつける.
• 4完璧的 is not a valid form. 完璧 is already a na-adjective meaning 'perfect,' so adding 的（てき）is redundant and ungrammatical. The sentence should simply use 完璧で.

• 完璧かんぺき — perfect, flawless (na-adjective)

罵る（ののしる）means 'to verbally abuse, to insult, to swear at someone.' Option 1 says 'I made a big mistake at work and was sworn at loudly (大声でののしられた),' which is a natural and correct usage in passive form.

• 2Scolding a child for bad behavior should use 叱る（しかる, to scold/reprimand constructively）, not 罵る. 罵る means harsh verbal abuse/insulting, which is not appropriate as 'important education.'
• 3そっと means 'quietly, gently, softly,' which contradicts 罵る (loud verbal abuse). You cannot quietly insult someone in the way 罵る implies. Also, warning someone about a restricted area would use 注意する（ちゅういする）or 止める.
• 4Writing a letter for a friend should use 書く（かく, to write）. ののしってあげた ('swore at (the letter) for them') makes no sense — 罵る targets a person, not an object like a letter.

• 罵ののしる — to verbally abuse, to insult, to swear at

ボイコット means 'to boycott' — to refuse to participate in or attend something as a form of protest or expression of dissatisfaction. Option 2 says 'The students were dissatisfied with the teacher and boycotted classes,' which correctly captures the protest/dissatisfaction motivation essential to a boycott.

• 1Skipping a health checkup because you are busy is simply 取りやめる（とりやめる, to cancel）or 受けない（うけない, to not take it）. There is no protest or collective action involved, so ボイコット is inappropriate.
• 3Missing work due to a cold is 休む（やすむ, to take a day off）. Illness is not a protest action, so ボイコット is wrong.
• 4Skipping a meeting because the weather is nice is simply 欠席する（けっせきする, to be absent）or 出ない. Good weather is not a reason for a boycott, which requires protest motivation.

• ボイコット（ぼいこっと） — to boycott — to refuse to participate as a form of protest

いやに means 'excessively, abnormally, unusually' — expressing that something is noticeably more than expected, often with a slightly negative or concerning nuance. Option 3 says 'Lately you've been unusually low on energy. Do you have some worry?' いやに元気がない ('unusually lacking energy') is a perfect collocation, expressing concern that the person's low energy is abnormal.

• 1いやに買いたくない is ungrammatical/unnatural. いやに modifies adjectives/adjective-like phrases to mean 'excessively ~,' but here the sentence structure doesn't work. The intended meaning ('I don't want to buy it because it's expensive') would simply use 高すぎて or だから.
• 2いやに成績が上がって嬉しい is contradictory. いやに carries a negative/concerning nuance ('abnormally, excessively'), which clashes with 嬉しい (happy). Good grades from studying hard should be described with おかげで or ちゃんと, not いやに.
• 4いやにだんだん is redundant and unnatural. だんだん（gradually）already describes a gradual change, and いやに ('excessively') does not pair with it. The sentence would simply use だんだん暖かくなって without いやに.

• いやに — excessively, abnormally, unusually (with a slightly negative/concerning nuance)