N1 Vocabulary · Test 1
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1.今回の件については、大変遺憾に思っております。
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Answer: 2. いかん
遺憾'deeply regrettable', both kanji in on'yomi
今回の件については、大変遺憾に思っております。
With regard to this matter, I feel deep regret.
The set phrase 遺憾に思う means to regard something as deeply regrettable and is used in formal apologies. The clue 大変遺憾に思っております shows a formal expression of regret, not surprise or anger. Both kanji are read in on'yomi as イ and カン.
Remember
Learn 遺憾 as a fixed formal chunk meaning deep regret. Contrast the sound with 意外 meaning unexpected, and contrast 憾 with 感 as in 敏感.
Why not the others
Words
- 件matter, case
- 遺憾deeply regrettable
- 思っておりますhumbly think, feel
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2.この門は常時閉鎖されている。
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Answer: 4. へいさ
閉鎖'closure, closed', both kanji in on'yomi
この門は常時閉鎖されている。
This gate is kept closed at all times.
閉鎖 means closure of a gate, road or facility. The clues 常時 meaning at all times and されている showing a resulting state point to a gate kept shut. The second kanji 鎖 is read サ in this compound, without く.
Remember
Keep pairs apart: 閉鎖 for a closed gate or road, and 閉塞 for a blocked pipe or state of deadlock.
Why not the others
Words
- 門gate
- 常時at all times
- 閉鎖closure
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3.どんな時にも、周りへの心遣いを忘れてはいけない。
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Answer: 2. こころづかい
心遣い'consideration', 遣い with rendaku つ to づ
どんな時にも、周りへの心遣いを忘れてはいけない。
At all times, you must not forget to be considerate toward those around you.
心遣い means thoughtfulness or consideration for others. The clue 周りへの points to attention directed to people around you. The second part comes from 遣う and voices to づかい in this compound.
Remember
Remember the rendaku group 気遣い and 心遣い, both read づかい from 遣う.
Why not the others
Words
- 周りsurroundings, people around
- 心遣いconsideration, thoughtfulness
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4.彼は顔を真っ赤にして憤った。
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Answer: 3. いきどおった
憤る'to be indignant', kun'yomi, ta-form 憤った
彼は顔を真っ赤にして憤った。
His face turned bright red with indignation.
憤る means to feel strong indignation or resentment. The clue 顔を真っ赤にして describes a face red with that emotion. In the ta-form, る changes to った, giving 憤った.
Remember
Group anger verbs by kanji: 憤る feel indignant, 怒鳴る shout, 罵る insult, 唸る groan.
Why not the others
Words
- 真っ赤(まっか)bright red
- 憤るto be indignant
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5.貧富の差が大きくなっているようだ。
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Answer: 3. ひんぷ
貧富'rich and poor', on'yomi with フ changing to プ
貧富の差が大きくなっているようだ。
It seems that the gap between rich and poor is growing.
貧富 combines 貧 poor and 富 rich to mean poverty and wealth. The clue 差 meaning gap requires a pair of opposites. Both kanji use on'yomi, with 富 read プ after ン.
Remember
Contrast 貧乏 with voiced ビン and long vowel, against 貧富 and 貧困 with unvoiced ヒン.
Why not the others
Words
- 貧富rich and poor
- 差difference, gap
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6.上司は私の提案を( )した。
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Answer: 3. 却下
却下 (きゃっか)'rejection of a proposal', used as 提案を却下する
上司は私の提案を却下した。
My boss rejected my proposal.
The clue is 提案を, meaning proposal, plus した. 却下する means to turn down a proposal, application or appeal after consideration. It is the standard collocation 提案を却下する.
Remember
Learn 却下 with 提案, 申請, 上訴: it rejects paperwork and ideas. Learn 駆除 with pests, 除去 with stains, 脱却 with から for bad habits.
Why not the others
Words
- 上司boss, superior
- 提案proposal
- 却下rejection, dismissal
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7.この子は好奇心が( )で、分からないことは何でも知りたがる。
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Answer: 2. 旺盛
好奇心が旺盛だ'full of curiosity', 旺盛 means vigorous, energetic
この子は好奇心が旺盛で、分からないことは何でも知りたがる。
This child is full of curiosity and wants to find out about anything he does not understand.
The clue is 好奇心が plus the description 分からないことは何でも知りたがる. 好奇心が旺盛だ is the fixed phrase for strong curiosity. 旺盛 describes a vigorous appetite or drive.
Remember
旺盛 pairs with inner drives: 好奇心, 食欲, 意欲. 全盛, 盛況 and 盛大 describe eras, events and ceremonies.
Why not the others
Words
- 好奇心curiosity
- 旺盛vigorous, strong
- 知りたがるto want to know, to show curiosity
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8.このテーブルは、脚の部分に美しい彫刻が( )いる。
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Answer: 4. 施されて
彫刻が施されている'carving has been applied', passive of 施す for decoration
このテーブルは、脚の部分に美しい彫刻が施されている。
Beautiful carving has been applied to the legs of this table.
The clue is 美しい彫刻が plus いる showing a resulting state. 施す means to apply a treatment, decoration or carving, and 彫刻が施されている is the set phrase. The passive plus ている describes the finished table.
Remember
Use 施す for work applied to a surface: 彫刻を施す, 装飾を施す, 加工を施す. Use 据える for placing heavy things and 設ける for setting up systems.
Why not the others
Words
- 脚leg (of furniture)
- 彫刻carving, sculpture
- 施すto apply, to carry out
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9.原油価格が高騰し、その( )が世界中に広がっている。
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Answer: 4. 余波
余波 (よは)'aftereffects, repercussions', spreads after a shock like 高騰
原油価格が高騰し、その余波が世界中に広がっている。
Crude oil prices have soared, and the repercussions are spreading around the world.
The clue is 原油価格が高騰し plus その plus 世界中に広がっている. A price surge is an economic shock, and its continuing influence is its 余波. The verb 広がる selects a spreading effect, not a projection or infection.
Remember
余波 literally means leftover waves and pairs with shocks: 地震, 不況, 高騰. Keep 感染 for disease, 転移 for cancer or relocation, 投影 for images.
Why not the others
Words
- 原油crude oil
- 高騰sharp rise, soaring
- 余波aftereffects, repercussions
- 世界中around the world
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10.( )の利益ばかり考えないで、もっと長期的に物事を捉えなければならない。
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Answer: 1. 目先
目先の利益'immediate profit before one's eyes', opposite of 長期的
目先の利益ばかり考えないで、もっと長期的に物事を捉えなければならない。
Do not think only of immediate profit. You must look at things more long term.
The deciding contrast is ばかり考えないで plus もっと長期的に. 目先 means right before the eyes, so 目先の利益 means short term gain. It is the only option that contrasts time span with 長期的.
Remember
目先 means what is before the eyes, so 目先の利益 and 目先のこと signal short term thinking. Contrast it with 長期的, 長期的な視点.
Why not the others
Words
- 目先immediate, before one's eyes
- 利益profit, benefit
- 長期的long-term
- 捉えるto grasp, to view
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