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N1 Vocabulary · Test 1

  1. 1.今回の件については、大変遺憾に思っております。

    1. 1 いがい
    2. 2 いかん
    3. 3 いかく
    4. 4 いかり
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. いかん

    遺憾いかん'deeply regrettable', both kanji in on'yomi

    今回の件については、大変遺憾に思っております。

    With regard to this matter, I feel deep regret.

    The set phrase 遺憾いかんに思う means to regard something as deeply regrettable and is used in formal apologies. The clue 大変遺憾に思っております shows a formal expression of regret, not surprise or anger. Both kanji are read in on'yomi as イ and カン.

    Remember

    Learn 遺憾いかん as a fixed formal chunk meaning deep regret. Contrast the sound with 意外いがい meaning unexpected, and contrast 憾 with 感かん as in 敏感びんかん.

    Why not the others
    • 1いがい

      意外いがい means unexpected. It sounds similar but uses different kanji, 意 and 外, so it does not fit a formal apology expressing regret.

    • 3いかく

      威嚇いかく means threat or intimidation. It sounds similar but uses a different second kanji meaning, so it cannot mean regret here.

    • 4いかり

      怒いかり means anger. The meaning is close to indignation, but the reading belongs to 怒, not to 憾, and the sentence uses 遺憾.

    Words

    • 件けんmatter, case
    • 遺憾いかんdeeply regrettable
    • 思おもっておりますhumbly think, feel
  2. 2.この門は常時閉鎖されている。

    1. 1 へいそく
    2. 2 へいさく
    3. 3 へいそ
    4. 4 へいさ
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. へいさ

    閉鎖へいさ'closure, closed', both kanji in on'yomi

    この門は常時閉鎖されている。

    This gate is kept closed at all times.

    閉鎖へいさ means closure of a gate, road or facility. The clues 常時じょうじ meaning at all times and されている showing a resulting state point to a gate kept shut. The second kanji 鎖 is read サ in this compound, without く.

    Remember

    Keep pairs apart: 閉鎖へいさ for a closed gate or road, and 閉塞へいそく for a blocked pipe or state of deadlock.

    Why not the others
    • 1へいそく

      閉塞へいそく is a real word meaning blockage or occlusion. It uses 塞そく, not 鎖さ, so the spelling does not match here.

    • 2へいさく

      へいさく is not the reading of 閉鎖. It adds く by confusion with words like 捜索そうさく or 政策せいさく.

    • 3へいそ

      へいそ is incomplete. It looks like the first part of 閉塞へいそく and is not a reading for 鎖.

    Words

    • 門もんgate
    • 常時じょうじat all times
    • 閉鎖へいさclosure
  3. 3.どんな時にも、周りへの心遣いを忘れてはいけない。

    1. 1 こころあつかい
    2. 2 こころづかい
    3. 3 こころうかがい
    4. 4 こころよい
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. こころづかい

    心遣こころづかい'consideration', 遣い with rendaku つ to づ

    どんな時にも、周りへの心遣いを忘れてはいけない。

    At all times, you must not forget to be considerate toward those around you.

    心遣こころづかい means thoughtfulness or consideration for others. The clue 周りへの points to attention directed to people around you. The second part comes from 遣つかう and voices to づかい in this compound.

    Remember

    Remember the rendaku group 気遣きづかい and 心遣こころづかい, both read づかい from 遣つかう.

    Why not the others
    • 1こころあつかい

      こころあつかい suggests 扱あつかい meaning handling or treatment, as in 取扱とりあつかい. That kanji is 扱, not 遣, so it is wrong here.

    • 3こころうかがい

      こころうかがい suggests 伺うかがい meaning a visit or inquiry. It shares the idea of attention to others but uses 伺, not 遣.

    • 4こころよい

      心地ここちよい or 心こころよい means pleasant. It is a real i-adjective, but the sentence has the noun 遣い, not よい.

    Words

    • 周まわりsurroundings, people around
    • 心遣こころづかいconsideration, thoughtfulness
  4. 4.彼は顔を真っ赤にして憤った。

    1. 1 どなった
    2. 2 ののしった
    3. 3 いきどおった
    4. 4 うなった
    Show answer

    Answer: 3. いきどおった

    憤いきどおる'to be indignant', kun'yomi, ta-form 憤った

    彼は顔を真っ赤にして憤った。

    His face turned bright red with indignation.

    憤いきどおる means to feel strong indignation or resentment. The clue 顔を真っ赤にして describes a face red with that emotion. In the ta-form, る changes to った, giving 憤いきどおった.

    Remember

    Group anger verbs by kanji: 憤いきどおる feel indignant, 怒鳴どなる shout, 罵ののしる insult, 唸うなる groan.

    Why not the others
    • 1どなった

      怒鳴どなった comes from 怒鳴どなる meaning to shout or yell. Shouting fits a red face, but the kanji in the stem is 憤, not 怒鳴.

    • 2ののしった

      罵ののしった comes from 罵ののしる meaning to abuse verbally. It is about insulting words, not the inner feeling of indignation.

    • 4うなった

      唸うなった comes from 唸うなる meaning to groan or growl. It describes a sound, not indignation.

    Words

    • 真っ赤(まっか)bright red
    • 憤いきどおるto be indignant
  5. 5.貧富の差が大きくなっているようだ。

    1. 1 びんぷ
    2. 2 ひんぷう
    3. 3 ひんぷ
    4. 4 びんぷう
    Show answer

    Answer: 3. ひんぷ

    貧富ひんぷ'rich and poor', on'yomi with フ changing to プ

    貧富の差が大きくなっているようだ。

    It seems that the gap between rich and poor is growing.

    貧富ひんぷ combines 貧ひん poor and 富ふ rich to mean poverty and wealth. The clue 差さ meaning gap requires a pair of opposites. Both kanji use on'yomi, with 富 read プ after ン.

    Remember

    Contrast 貧乏びんぼう with voiced ビン and long vowel, against 貧富ひんぷ and 貧困ひんこん with unvoiced ヒン.

    Why not the others
    • 1びんぷ

      びんぷ copies the voiced ビン from 貧乏びんぼう meaning poverty. In 貧富 the first kanji is unvoiced ヒン.

    • 2ひんぷう

      ひんぷう adds a long vowel by confusion with the フウ reading of 富, as in 富裕ふゆう. This compound uses short プ.

    • 4びんぷう

      びんぷう combines both traps, the voiced ビン from 貧乏びんぼう and the long vowel from 富ふう.

    Words

    • 貧富ひんぷrich and poor
    • 差さdifference, gap
  1. 6.上司は私の提案を( )した。

    1. 1 脱却
    2. 2 駆除
    3. 3 却下
    4. 4 除去
    Show answer

    Answer: 3. 却下

    却下 (きゃっか)'rejection of a proposal', used as 提案を却下する

    上司は私の提案を却下した。

    My boss rejected my proposal.

    The clue is 提案を, meaning proposal, plus した. 却下する means to turn down a proposal, application or appeal after consideration. It is the standard collocation 提案を却下する.

    Remember

    Learn 却下 with 提案, 申請, 上訴: it rejects paperwork and ideas. Learn 駆除 with pests, 除去 with stains, 脱却 with から for bad habits.

    Why not the others
    • 1脱却

      脱却 means breaking away from an old state, as in 悪習から脱却する. It requires から and means escape, not rejection, so it cannot take 提案を.

    • 2駆除

      駆除 means extermination or elimination of pests or weeds, as in 害虫を駆除する. It fits harmful insects or plants, not a proposal.

    • 4除去

      除去 means removal of a stain, obstacle or harmful substance, as in 汚れを除去する. It fits physical removal, not turning down an idea.

    Words

    • 上司じょうしboss, superior
    • 提案ていあんproposal
    • 却下きゃっかrejection, dismissal
  2. 7.この子は好奇心が( )で、分からないことは何でも知りたがる。

    1. 1 全盛
    2. 2 旺盛
    3. 3 盛況
    4. 4 盛大
    Show answer

    Answer: 2. 旺盛

    好奇心が旺盛だ'full of curiosity', 旺盛 means vigorous, energetic

    この子は好奇心が旺盛で、分からないことは何でも知りたがる。

    This child is full of curiosity and wants to find out about anything he does not understand.

    The clue is 好奇心が plus the description 分からないことは何でも知りたがる. 好奇心が旺盛だ is the fixed phrase for strong curiosity. 旺盛 describes a vigorous appetite or drive.

    Remember

    旺盛 pairs with inner drives: 好奇心, 食欲, 意欲. 全盛, 盛況 and 盛大 describe eras, events and ceremonies.

    Why not the others
    • 1全盛

      全盛 means the peak of prosperity, as in 全盛期. It describes an era or career at its height, not a person's curiosity.

    • 3盛況

      盛況 means a thriving turnout or success, as in 盛況なイベント. It describes events with many visitors, not curiosity.

    • 4盛大

      盛大 means grand in scale, as in 盛大な式. It describes ceremonies or parties, not curiosity.

    Words

    • 好奇心こうきしんcuriosity
    • 旺盛おうせいvigorous, strong
    • 知しりたがるto want to know, to show curiosity
  3. 8.このテーブルは、脚の部分に美しい彫刻が( )いる。

    1. 1 設けられて
    2. 2 装われて
    3. 3 据えられて
    4. 4 施されて
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. 施されて

    彫刻が施されている'carving has been applied', passive of 施す for decoration

    このテーブルは、脚の部分に美しい彫刻が施されている。

    Beautiful carving has been applied to the legs of this table.

    The clue is 美しい彫刻が plus いる showing a resulting state. 施す means to apply a treatment, decoration or carving, and 彫刻が施されている is the set phrase. The passive plus ている describes the finished table.

    Remember

    Use 施す for work applied to a surface: 彫刻を施す, 装飾を施す, 加工を施す. Use 据える for placing heavy things and 設ける for setting up systems.

    Why not the others
    • 1設けられて

      設けられて is the passive of 設ける, to set up or provide equipment or rules, as in 設備を設ける. It does not mean to carve decoration.

    • 2装われて

      装われて suggests 装う, to dress up, adorn oneself or pretend, as in 着物を装う. It does not collocate with 彫刻が applied to furniture.

    • 3据えられて

      据えられて is the passive of 据える, to place or install a heavy object, as in 機械を据える. It fits installing the table itself, not carving on it.

    Words

    • 脚あしleg (of furniture)
    • 彫刻ちょうこくcarving, sculpture
    • 施ほどこすto apply, to carry out
  4. 9.原油価格が高騰し、その( )が世界中に広がっている。

    1. 1 転移
    2. 2 投影
    3. 3 感染
    4. 4 余波
    Show answer

    Answer: 4. 余波

    余波 (よは)'aftereffects, repercussions', spreads after a shock like 高騰

    原油価格が高騰し、その余波が世界中に広がっている。

    Crude oil prices have soared, and the repercussions are spreading around the world.

    The clue is 原油価格が高騰し plus その plus 世界中に広がっている. A price surge is an economic shock, and its continuing influence is its 余波. The verb 広がる selects a spreading effect, not a projection or infection.

    Remember

    余波 literally means leftover waves and pairs with shocks: 地震, 不況, 高騰. Keep 感染 for disease, 転移 for cancer or relocation, 投影 for images.

    Why not the others
    • 1転移

      転移 means metastasis or transfer, as in がんの転移 or 拠点の転移. It fits disease spreading in a body or a move, not economic influence.

    • 2投影

      投影 means projection of film or light, or reflection of an idea, as in 映像を投影する. It does not spread worldwide from prices.

    • 3感染

      感染 means infection with a virus, as in ウイルスに感染する. It requires a disease, not a price rise.

    Words

    • 原油げんゆcrude oil
    • 高騰こうとうsharp rise, soaring
    • 余波よはaftereffects, repercussions
    • 世界中せかいじゅうaround the world
  5. 10.( )の利益ばかり考えないで、もっと長期的に物事を捉えなければならない。

    1. 1 目先
    2. 2 手中
    3. 3 足場
    4. 4 背後
    Show answer

    Answer: 1. 目先

    目先の利益'immediate profit before one's eyes', opposite of 長期的

    目先の利益ばかり考えないで、もっと長期的に物事を捉えなければならない。

    Do not think only of immediate profit. You must look at things more long term.

    The deciding contrast is ばかり考えないで plus もっと長期的に. 目先 means right before the eyes, so 目先の利益 means short term gain. It is the only option that contrasts time span with 長期的.

    Remember

    目先 means what is before the eyes, so 目先の利益 and 目先のこと signal short term thinking. Contrast it with 長期的, 長期的な視点.

    Why not the others
    • 2手中

      手中 means in one's hands or possession, as in 手中に収める. It describes control or capture, not a short time span.

    • 3足場

      足場 means foothold or scaffolding, as in 足場を固める. It describes a base for work or climbing, not profit.

    • 4背後

      背後 means behind or background, as in 背後にいる. It describes position, not immediate profit.

    Words

    • 目先めさきimmediate, before one's eyes
    • 利益りえきprofit, benefit
    • 長期的ちょうきてきlong-term
    • 捉とらえるto grasp, to view

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