もはや means 'no longer' and is used with a negative predicate to indicate that a former state or method has lost its validity. In option 1, 'これまでの手法はもはや通用しないだろう' means 'the conventional methods will no longer be effective,' which is the correct usage.
2もはや is not used with a positive ongoing action like 検証を続けている. It requires a negative context meaning 'no longer.'
3もはや cannot modify a past-tense statement like 高校教師だった. The word expresses that something has ceased to be the case, typically with a negative predicate, not a simple past statement.
4もはや does not fit a positive future prediction (解消される見込みだ). It is used to say something 'no longer' applies, not to say something will soon be resolved.
もはや — no longer; already (used with negative predicates to indicate a former state no longer holds)
7.円滑
1藤田さんはいつもの外国語を円滑に話すそうだ。
2会を円滑に運営するためには、会員の協力が不可欠だ。
3あの子はまだ4歳なのに、複雑な漢字を本など見ないで円滑に書く。
4車はカーブの多い坂道を円滑に登って行った。
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Answer: 2. 会を円滑に運営するためには、会員の協力が不可欠だ。
円滑 (えんかつ) means 'smooth' and is used for processes, operations, negotiations, or relationships proceeding without friction. In option 2, '会を円滑に運営する' means 'to run the organization/meeting smoothly,' which is the correct usage.
1For speaking a foreign language smoothly, 流暢 (りゅうちょう)に or ペラペラと would be appropriate. 円滑 is not used for language proficiency.
3For writing kanji smoothly/fluently, 手際(てぎわ)よく or スムーズに would be appropriate. 円滑 is not used for physical skills like writing.
4For a car climbing a winding road smoothly, スムーズに would be appropriate. 円滑 is used for abstract processes like operations or negotiations, not physical movement.
円滑 — smooth, harmonious (used for processes, operations, relationships proceeding without friction)
8.怠る
1ここでは携帯電話の使用は怠ってください。
2今日は時間がないので、料理を怠って外食にした。
3夫は仕事ばかりして、趣味のサーフィンを怠っている。
4この薬を扱うときは、常に注意を怠ってはいけない。
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Answer: 4. この薬を扱うときは、常に注意を怠ってはいけない。
怠る (おこたる) means 'to neglect, to fail to do something one should do.' In option 4, '注意を怠ってはいけない' means 'you must not neglect caution,' which is the correct usage — it refers to failing to exercise proper care that one is obligated to maintain.
1怠る means 'to neglect doing something,' not 'to refrain from' or 'to hold off on.' For refraining from phone use, 控える (ひかえる) would be correct.
2怠る does not mean 'to skip' or 'to omit.' For skipping cooking and eating out instead, 手抜きをする or やめる would be appropriate.
3怠る is used for neglecting duties or obligations, not for abandoning a hobby. For not doing a hobby, おろそかにする or 遠ざかる could work, but 怠る does not fit this context.
怠る — to neglect (a duty, precaution, etc.); to fail to do what one should
9.失脚
1大臣が汚職事件で失脚すると、国民の政治に対する不信感がますます高まった。
2審査員の一言で完全に自信が失脚し、その後も気力を取り戻せなかった。
3不祥事が明るみに出ると、一流企業の社会信用が一瞬のうちに失脚した。
4その上陸選手は、合図より早くスタートラインを越えたため失脚してしまった。
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Answer: 1. 大臣が汚職事件で失脚すると、国民の政治に対する不信感がますます高まった。
失脚 (しっきゃく) means 'to fall from power, to lose one's position (especially in politics or leadership).' In option 1, '大臣が汚職事件で失脚する' means 'the minister falls from power due to a corruption scandal,' which is the correct usage.
2For losing confidence, 失墜 (しっつい) as in 自信が失墜する would be appropriate. 失脚 specifically refers to losing one's position or power, not to losing confidence.
3For losing social trust/credibility, 失墜 (しっつい) as in 信用が失墜する would be appropriate. 失脚 refers to a person losing their position, not to an abstract concept like trust declining.
4For a athlete being disqualified, 失格 (しっかく) would be correct. 失脚 does not mean disqualification in a competition.
失脚 — to fall from power; to lose one's position (esp. political or leadership post)
10.収容
1ホテルの部屋には貴重品を収容するための金庫が置いてある。
2この辞書にはわかりやすい例文がたくさん収容することができます。
3この劇場は2千人の観客を収容することができます。
4必要なデータはすべてこのパソコンに収容されています。
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Answer: 3. この劇場は2千人の観客を収容することができます。
収容 (しゅうよう) means 'to accommodate, to hold (people, audience, passengers, etc.) within a facility.' In option 3, 'この劇場は2千人の観客を収容することができます' means 'this theater can accommodate 2,000 audience members,' which is the correct usage.
1For storing valuables in a safe, 収納 (しゅうのう) would be appropriate. 収容 is for accommodating people, not for storing objects in a container.
2For including/containing example sentences in a dictionary, 収録 (しゅうろく) would be appropriate. 収容 is not used for content within a publication.
4For storing data on a computer, 収納 (しゅうのう) or 格納 (かくのう) would be appropriate. 収容 is specifically for accommodating people in a physical space.
収容 — to accommodate, to hold (people in a facility such as a theater, stadium, vehicle, etc.)
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