N1 Grammar · Test 3

「こそ」is used to strongly single out and emphasize one thing, often with the pattern Nこそ…（が／けれど）, meaning 'it is precisely X that… (but)'. Here, 優勝こそ逃したが means 'It was the championship that he narrowly missed, but…' — he didn't win the title, yet he still set a personal best. The particle こそ highlights 優勝 as the one thing he missed, contrasting with the positive outcome in the second clause.

• 1「さえ」means 'even'. 優勝さえ逃した would mean 'he even missed the championship,' implying he missed many things including the championship. This doesn't fit the context where only the championship was missed and everything else went well.
• 3「ほど」expresses degree or approximation ('to the extent of'). 優勝ほど逃した is not grammatical in this context.
• 4「ばかり」means 'only/just'. 優勝ばかり逃した would mean 'he missed only the championship,' which is grammatically possible but lacks the emphatic contrast that こそ provides. The sentence's structure (～が, contrasting a negative with a positive) calls for こそ's highlighting nuance.

• 優勝ゆうしょう — championship, winning first place
• 逃のがす — to miss, let slip
• 自己ベスト（じこベスト） — personal best
• 更新こうしんする — to update, break (a record)
• 好成績こうせいせき — good results, excellent performance
• 収おさめる — to achieve, attain

「ことだから」means 'since/because (it is the case that)…', giving a reason that justifies the speaker's decision or expectation. Here, 帰ってくることだから means 'since (our son) is coming home,' providing the reason for planning a family trip. The pattern N/A-な + ことだから expresses a reason that leads naturally to a conclusion.

• 1「ことだが」means '…but/however'. This would introduce a contrast, but the sentence needs a reason (cause), not a concession. 'My son is coming home, but let's go on a trip' doesn't make logical sense.
• 2「ことでも」would suggest 'even if (he) comes home,' which doesn't fit — the son IS coming home, and that's the reason for the trip, not a hypothetical condition.
• 4「こととはいえ」means 'even though / admitting that…'. This expresses concession: 'Even though my son is coming home, let's go on a trip.' This reverses the intended causal relationship.

• 正月休しょうがつやすみ — New Year's holiday
• 久ひさしぶり — for the first time in a long time
• 家族旅行かぞくりょこう — family trip

「どうやら」means 'apparently, it seems, by the looks of it.' It is frequently paired with ～ようだ, ～らしい, or ～そうだ to express the speaker's inference based on observed evidence. Here, どうやらうまくいったようだ means 'it seems things went well after all,' inferred from the brother's bright expression.

• 1「仮に」means 'hypothetically, if for the sake of argument.' It introduces a hypothetical condition, which doesn't fit — the speaker is making an inference from real evidence (the bright expression), not a hypothesis.
• 2「まさか」expresses disbelief or surprise, typically used with a negative or in まさか～ないだろうな ('don't tell me…'). It doesn't fit the positive, inferential tone here.
• 3「必ずしも」means 'not necessarily' and is almost always used with a negative (必ずしも～ない). It doesn't fit this affirmative context.

• 採用面接試験さいようめんせつしけん — employment interview exam
• 表情ひょうじょう — facial expression
• 明あかるい — bright, cheerful
• うまくいく — to go well, turn out well

「ものか」is a rhetorical expression used with a negative (V-ない) to convey strong frustration, disbelief, or a rhetorical question meaning 'How could they not…?!' or 'Why can't they…?!'. Here, 使えないものかと思う means 'I wonder — can't they use something a bit better?!' The speaker is expressing dissatisfaction that the restaurant uses cheap-looking plates despite good food.

• 2「ものの」means 'although, but' and connects two clauses with a concessive relationship. 使えないものの would mean 'although they can't use…', which is grammatically incomplete and doesn't fit the sentence structure ending with と思う.
• 3「ものだ」expresses a general truth, expectation, or exclamation ('it is the way things are / one should…'). 使えないものだ would mean 'it's natural that they can't use…', which contradicts the speaker's complaint.
• 4「ものを」expresses regret or reproach about something that didn't happen: 'should have… but didn't.' It doesn't fit the pattern V-ない + ものを, and the sentence is about a present complaint, not a past counterfactual.

• 安やすっぽい — cheap-looking, cheap in quality
• もう少し（もうすこし） — a little more

「書けてるじゃない」is a colloquial contraction of 書けているのではないか → 書けているじゃないか → 書けてるじゃない, meaning 'You've actually written it quite well, haven't you!' The teacher is responding to the student's self-deprecating remark (うまくまとめられなかった) by reassuring them that the report is actually good. The ～じゃない（か）pattern here is not a true question but an expression of positive surprise or gentle contradiction.

• 1「書けてなきゃ」is a contraction of 書けていなければ (conditional negative: 'if you haven't been able to write it well'). This doesn't fit — the teacher has read the report and is commenting on its quality, not setting up a condition.
• 2「書けてたらいいね」means 'it would be nice if you had been able to write it well.' This expresses a wish about an unrealized outcome, but the teacher is affirming that the report IS good, not wishing it were.
• 4「書けてるかどうかだね」means 'the question is whether you've written it well or not.' This would express uncertainty, but the teacher has already read the report and is affirming its quality, not questioning it.

• レポート — report, paper
• まとめる — to organize, put together, summarize
• けっこう — quite, fairly, rather

The full sentence is 「X医院は、患者を待たせることなく診察できるように近々予約制を導入するらしい。」The clause before ★ must connect to 「近々予約制を導入するらしい」. The phrase 「〜ように」(in order to) attaches to a verb expressing the goal, here 「診察できるように」(so that they can examine patients). Before that, 「〜ことなく」(without doing) attaches to 「待たせる」, giving 「待たせることなく」(without making patients wait). So the order is 1→4→★(2)→3.

• 1「待たせる」is the verb that must come first, right after 「患者を」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 3「ように」must come last, directly before 「近々予約制を導入するらしい」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 4「ことなく」must follow 「待たせる」to form 「待たせることなく」, so it cannot be at ★.

• 〜ことなく — without doing ~ (formal negative pattern meaning 'without doing the action')
• 〜ように — so that ~ / in order to ~ (expresses purpose/goal)
• 予約制よやくせい — appointment system / reservation system
• 導入どうにゅうする — to introduce / to adopt (a system)

The full sentence is 「一人暮らしだとインスタント食品ばかり食べてしまって野菜不足になりがちなだけにありがたい。」The key structure is 「〜がちなだけに」(precisely because one tends to ~). 「野菜不足になりがちな」(prone to becoming deficient in vegetables) modifies the situation, and 「だけに」(because/precisely since) connects to 「ありがたい」(it is appreciated). The order is 4→2→★(3)→1.

• 1「だけに」must come last, directly before 「ありがたい」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 2「なり」must follow 「野菜不足」to form 「野菜不足になり」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 4「野菜不足」must come first, right after 「食べてしまって」, so it cannot be at ★.

• 〜がち — tends to ~ / prone to ~ / liable to ~ (used for undesirable tendencies)
• 〜だけに — precisely because ~ / all the more because ~
• 野菜不足やさいぶそく — vegetable deficiency / lack of vegetables
• インスタント食品（インスタントしょくひん） — instant food

The full answer is 「洗濯物をきれいに洗うには洗剤をたくさん入れればいいかといえばそうではなく、逆にすすぎ切れなかったりして悪臭の原因にもなります。」The structure is: 「〜には」(in order to ~) → 「〜かといえば」(if you ask whether ~) → 「そうではなく」(that is not the case) → 「逆に〜たりして」(on the contrary, doing things like ~). The order is 3→1→★(4)→2.

• 1「洗剤をたくさん入れればいいかといえば」must follow 「きれいに洗うには」, forming the question 'if you ask whether you should put in a lot of detergent', so it cannot be at ★.
• 2「逆にすすぎ切れなかったりして」must come last, directly before 「悪臭の原因にもなります」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 3「きれいに洗うには」must come first, right after 「洗濯物を」, so it cannot be at ★.

• 〜には — in order to ~ / for the purpose of ~
• 〜かといえば — if you ask whether ~ / when it comes to whether ~
• そうではなく — that is not the case / not so
• 逆ぎゃくに — on the contrary / conversely
• すすぎ切れる（すすぎきれる） — to rinse completely / to rinse out thoroughly
• 悪臭あくしゅう — bad odor / foul smell
• 適量てきりょう — appropriate amount / proper quantity

The full sentence is 「前々から近代建築に興味がある私としてはそれを知ったからにはその洋館を見ずに帰ることはできない。」The structure is: 「近代建築に興味がある」(who is interested in modern architecture) modifies 「私としては」(as for me), then 「それを知ったからには」(now that I know it) connects to 「その洋館を見ずに帰ることはできない」(I cannot go home without seeing that Western-style building). The order is 2→★(1)→4→3.

• 2「近代建築に興味がある」must come first, right after 「前々から」, modifying 「私としては」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 3「その洋館を見ずに」must come right before 「帰ることはできない」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 4「それを知ったからには」must follow 「私としては」and connect to the final clause, so it cannot be at ★.

• 〜としては — as ~ / standing in the position of ~
• 〜からには — now that ~ / since ~ (expresses a strong commitment given a condition)
• 見みずに — without seeing/looking
• 近代建築きんだいけんちく — modern architecture
• 洋館ようかん — Western-style building
• 大正初期たいしょうしょき — early Taisho era

The full sentence is 「私は、農業を身近なものとして育てた野菜を収穫して食べるということが考えるきっかけになればと思い、校内に畑を作って生徒たちに野菜を育てさせることを校長に提案した。」The structure is: 「農業を身近なものとして」(making agriculture familiar) → 「育てた野菜を収穫して」(harvesting the vegetables they grew) → 「食べるということが」(the act of eating) → 「考えるきっかけになれば」(would become an opportunity to think). The order is 1→4→★(2)→3.

• 1「農業を身近なものとして」must come first, right after 「私は、」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 3「考えるきっかけになれば」must come last, directly before 「と思い」, so it cannot be at ★.
• 4「育てた野菜を収穫して」must follow 「農業を身近なものとして」, so it cannot be at ★.

• 身近みぢかなものとして — as something familiar / making something close at hand
• 収穫しゅうかくして — harvesting / gathering (crops)
• 〜ということが — the fact that ~ / the act of ~
• きっかけになれば — if it becomes an opportunity/trigger to
• 畑はたけ — field / vegetable garden
• 提案ていあんした — proposed / suggested