N1 Vocabulary · Test 3

干渉 is read かんしょう, meaning 'interference/meddling.' The sentence means 'I don't want other people interfering with my future.' 干(かん) uses the on-reading seen in 干す/干渉, and 渉 is しょう.

• 1がんしょう: wrong voicing—干 is かん, not がん. This is a deliberate voicing distractor.
• 3がんぼ: wrong reading for both characters; 渉 is not ぼ.
• 4かんぼ: correct first character but wrong second; 渉 is しょう, not ぼ.

• 干渉かんしょう — interference, meddling

粘る is read ねばる ('to persevere, to hang in there'). The て-form is ねばって. The sentence means 'Tanaka persevered to the end and finally secured victory.'

• 2あらそって (争って, 'to compete/fight'): different meaning; the kanji 粘 is never read this way.
• 3きそって (競って, 'to compete'): plausible near-synonym in a sports context, but wrong reading/word.
• 4ふんばって (踏ん張って, 'to stand firm/hold one's ground'): semantically tempting, but 粘る is ねばる, not ふんばる.

• 粘ねばる — to persevere, to hang in there, to be tenacious

巧妙 is read こうみょう, meaning 'clever, ingenious, skillful.' The sentence means 'The audience applauded the magician's ingenious technique.' 巧 is こう and 妙 is みょう.

• 1こうびょう: 妙 is みょう, not びょう; this mimics 病(びょう).
• 2こびょう: wrong on both—巧 is long こう, and 妙 is みょう.
• 4こみょう: 妙 is correct but 巧 should be こう (long vowel), not こ.

• 巧妙こうみょう — clever, ingenious, skillful

促す is read うながす ('to urge, to prompt, to press someone to do something'). The た-form is うながした. The sentence means 'There was a mistake in the documents, so I immediately urged (them) to correct it.'

• 1すました (済ました, 'to get away with/settled lightly'): different verb 済ます, not 促す.
• 2ほどこした (施した, 'to bestow/apply'): semantically unrelated; 促す is not read this way.
• 3せかした (急かした, 'to rush/hurry someone'): semantically close (urging), but 促す is うながす, not せかす.

• 促うながす — to urge, to prompt, to press

措置 is read そち, meaning 'measure, steps, action taken.' The sentence means 'Thanks to appropriate measures, we were able to prevent the problem from spreading.' 措 is そ and 置 is ち.

• 2そうち (装置, 'device/apparatus'): a real word with similar kanji, but 措置 is そち, not そうち.
• 3しょち (処置, 'treatment/handling'): another real near-synonym word, but the tested kanji 措置 is そち.
• 4しょうち (承知, 'consent/understanding'): real word, but unrelated reading for 措置.

• 措置そち — measure, steps, action taken

クレーム (claim/complaint) is the correct choice. The sentence says the store displayed the wrong price, so customers sent in complaints. In Japanese business contexts, クレーム refers specifically to a customer complaint. The pattern お客さんからクレームが来た ('complaints came from customers') is a very common collocation.

• 1エラー (error) refers to a mistake in a system or process, not a complaint from a person. You would say システムのエラー, but you would not say お客さんからエラーが来た.
• 2ノルマ (quota/norm) refers to a target or required amount of work/sales. It does not fit the context of a customer reacting to a pricing mistake.
• 3ダメージ (damage) refers to physical or psychological harm. While a pricing mistake could cause damage to a business, you would not say お客さんからダメージが来た.

• クレーム — customer complaint (from English 'claim')
• エラー — error (system/process mistake)
• ノルマ — quota, required work target
• ダメージ — damage, harm

経緯 (けいい or いきさつ) means the circumstances, background, or process by which something came to happen. The sentence asks the company to explain the background/process behind their decision to introduce new technology. 経緯についてお聞かせください ('please tell us about the circumstances/process') is a natural and common expression in business Japanese.

• 1軌道 (きどう) means 'orbit' or 'track' (e.g., 軌道に乗る 'to get on track'). It does not refer to the background story of a decision.
• 3経路 (けいろ) means a physical 'route' or 'path' (e.g., 配送経路 'delivery route'). It describes a physical or logical path, not the circumstances behind a decision.
• 4軌跡 (きせき) means 'trajectory' or 'track record'—the path someone has walked or their achievements over time. While it sounds similar to 経緯, it refers to a record of past actions rather than the circumstances leading to a specific decision.

• 経緯けいい / いきさつ — circumstances, process, background of how something came to be
• 軌道きどう — orbit, track
• 経路けいろ — route, path
• 軌跡きせき — trajectory, track record, path one has walked

壮大な (そうだいな) means 'grand, magnificent, epic in scale' and is used to describe the scale or scope of things like stories, scenery, plans, or ambitions. A movie depicting the history of the Earth would be described as 壮大なものだ ('a grand/magnificent work'), making this the best fit.

• 1絶大な (ぜんだいな) means 'immense, absolute' and is used for power, influence, or effect (e.g., 絶大な威力 'immense power', 絶大な人気 'immense popularity'). It does not describe the scale or grandeur of a story.
• 3盛大な (せいだいな) means 'grand, lavish' and is used for events, ceremonies, or parties (e.g., 盛大なパーティー 'a grand party'). It describes how elaborately something is celebrated, not the epic scale of a story.
• 4甚大な (じんだいな) means 'enormous, severe' and is used for damage or harm (e.g., 甚大な被害 'enormous damage'). It has a negative connotation and does not describe a story's grandeur.

• 壮大そうだいな — grand, magnificent, epic in scale (stories, scenery, plans)
• 絶大ぜんだいな — immense, absolute (power, influence, popularity)
• 盛大せいだいな — grand, lavish (events, ceremonies)
• 甚大じんだいな — enormous, severe (damage, harm)

みっちり means 'thoroughly, intensively, rigorously' and is used for studying, training, or being taught something in depth. 朝から晩までみっちり勉強した ('studied intensively from morning till night') is a natural collocation describing rigorous, sustained effort.

• 2ぐっすり means 'soundly, deeply' and is used exclusively for sleeping (e.g., ぐっすり眠る 'sleep soundly'). It cannot modify 勉強する.
• 3べったり means 'sticking closely, clinging' or 'completely dependent' (e.g., 母にべったり 'clinging to mom'). It does not mean studying thoroughly.
• 4めっきり means 'noticeably, markedly' and describes a change over time (e.g., めっきり寒くなった 'it has become noticeably cold'). It does not describe how one studies.

• みっちり — thoroughly, intensively, rigorously (studying, training)
• ぐっすり — soundly, deeply (sleeping)
• べったり — sticking closely, clinging, dependent
• めっきり — noticeably, markedly (change over time)

撤去 (てっきょ) means 'removal' of physical objects/structures that have been placed somewhere, such as illegally dumped garbage, barricades, or signs. 空き地に放置されたごみの撤去 ('removal of garbage left in a vacant lot') is the correct term for physically clearing away dumped items.

• 1消去 (しょうきょ) means 'erasure' and is used for data, information, or mathematical terms (e.g., データを消去する 'erase data'). It is not used for physical garbage.
• 2駆除 (くじょ) means 'extermination, eradication' and is used for pests, insects, weeds, or harmful organisms (e.g., 害虫を駆除する 'exterminate pests'). Garbage is not a living organism to be exterminated.
• 3削除 (さくじょ) means 'deletion' and is used for digital data, text, or entries in a list/database (e.g., ファイルを削除する 'delete a file'). It does not apply to physical garbage.

• 撤去てっきょ — removal (of physical objects, structures, dumped items)
• 消去しょうきょ — erasure (data, information)
• 駆除くじょ — extermination, eradication (pests, insects, weeds)
• 削除さくじょ — deletion (digital data, text, list entries)