処置 (しょち) means 'measures taken to deal with a situation,' especially medical treatment or administrative steps to handle a problem. Option 4 says 'Thanks to the doctor's appropriate 処置, the pain quickly subsided.' This is the classic usage: medical treatment/measures applied to address an injury or condition.
1書類を処置しておこう is wrong. 処置 does not mean 'process/handle paperwork.' The correct word here would be 処理 (しょり, processing).
2使わない家具を処置しよう is wrong. 処置 does not mean 'dispose of unwanted items.' The correct word would be 処分 (しょぶん, disposal).
3先生の特別な処置 is wrong in this context. 処置 does not mean 'special teaching method or approach.' One would say 先生の特別な指導 (しどう, instruction) instead.
処置 — measures taken to deal with a situation; (medical) treatment
処理 — processing, handling (of documents/tasks)
処分 — disposal, getting rid of
2.拍子
1重いものを入れすぎて、持ち上げた拍子に紙袋が破れてしまった。
2昨日はとても疲れていたので、布団に入った拍子に眠ってしまった。
3晩ご飯を作った拍子に、あしたのお弁当も作った。
4雨がやんだ拍子に出かけたので、ぬれずに済んだ。
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Answer: 1. 重いものを入れすぎて、持ち上げた拍子に紙袋が破れてしまった。
拍子 (びょうし) in the pattern 「〜した拍子に」 means 'at the moment of doing ~' or 'in the act of doing ~,' specifically when an unexpected physical result occurs during that action. Option 1: 'I put too many heavy things in, and in the moment of lifting it, the paper bag tore.' The tearing is an unexpected physical consequence triggered by the act of lifting — this is exactly how 拍子に is used.
2布団に入った拍子に眠ってしまった is wrong. Falling asleep after getting into bed is a natural sequence, not an unexpected physical accident triggered by the motion of getting into bed. 拍子に requires an incidental/accidental result from a physical action.
3晩ご飯を作った拍子に is wrong. Making dinner and making tomorrow's lunch are separate intentional actions, not an incidental result that happened 'in the moment of' cooking dinner.
4雨がやんだ拍子に出かけた is wrong. 拍子に does not mean 'because/when' in a general temporal sense. It specifically describes an unexpected physical event occurring during an action.
拍子 — rhythm, beat; (〜した拍子に) at the moment of doing ~, when an unexpected result occurs during an action
3.口出し
1今の意見に反論のある人は遠慮せず自由に口出ししてください。
2店長は客に上手に口出しして、客の好みをうまく聞き出した。
3この会社に就職できたのは、山田さんが口出ししてくれたからだ。
4上司だからといって部下の私生活にまで口出しするのはよくない。
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Answer: 4. 上司だからといって部下の私生活にまで口出しするのはよくない。
口出し (くちだし) means 'meddling, interfering, putting one's nose into someone else's affairs' — almost always used negatively. Option 4: 'Just because someone is a boss, meddling in a subordinate's private life is not good.' This is the correct negative/interfering usage.
1自由に口出ししてください is wrong. 口出し is negative (unwanted meddling), not 'feel free to speak up.' The appropriate word would be 発言 (はつげん, making a statement) or 意見を言う.
2客に上手に口出しして is wrong. 口出し does not mean 'talk to / strike up conversation with someone.' The appropriate word would be 話しかける (はなしかける, to talk to).
3山田さんが口出ししてくれたからだ is wrong. 口出し does not mean 'put in a good word / recommend someone.' The appropriate word would be 口利き (くちきき, mediating/recommending through one's connections).
4.煩雑
1いろいろな書類を書き、いくつもの窓口に持っていくなど、手続きが煩雑だった。
2部長と課長は別室で煩雑な話をしているらしく、なかなか戻ってこない。
3この辺りの道は迷路のように煩雑で分かりにくく、何度来ても間違えてしまう。
4都会で一人暮らしを始めたときは、期待と不安で煩雑な気持ちだった。
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Answer: 1. いろいろな書類を書き、いくつもの窓口に持っていくなど、手続きが煩雑だった。
煩雑 (はんざつ) means 'complicated and troublesome,' typically used for procedures, paperwork, or formalities that involve many tedious steps. Option 1 correctly describes 手続き (procedures) that involve writing various documents and going to multiple counters as 煩雑.
2煩雑 is not used to describe a conversation or talk. For a 'complicated' discussion, 複雑 (ふくざつ) or 難解 (なんかい) would be appropriate.
3While roads can be complicated, 煩雑 is not used for physical layouts like a maze of streets. The correct word here would be 複雑 (ふくざつ).
4煩雑 does not describe feelings or emotions. For 'mixed feelings' of expectation and anxiety, 複雑 (ふくざつ) is the proper word.
煩雑 — complicated and troublesome; tedious (used for procedures, paperwork, formalities)
5.当てはめる
1給料の金額は、社員一人一人の能力に当てはめて決めてほしいと思っている。
2最近天候が不安定で、その日の気温に当てはめて服を選ぶのが大変だ。
3少数の事例を一般化して社会全体に当てはめて考えてもいいものだろうか。
4この店は客の要望にぴったり当てはめて料理を作ってくれるので、評判がいい。
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Answer: 3. 少数の事例を一般化して社会全体に当てはめて考えてもいいものだろうか。
当てはめる (あてはめる) means 'to apply (a general rule, theory, or framework) to a specific case.' Option 3 correctly uses it: taking a few examples, generalizing them, and applying that generalization to society as a whole (社会全体に当てはめて考える).
1You don't 当てはめる salary to ability. The correct expression would be 能力に応じて (according to) or 能力に基づいて (based on) decide the salary.
2Choosing clothes according to the temperature uses 合わせる (to match) or 応じて (in accordance with), not 当てはめる, which requires applying a rule/framework, not simply matching conditions.
4Making dishes to exactly match a customer's request uses 合わせる (to match/adjust to), not 当てはめる. 当てはめる implies applying a general principle to a specific instance.
当てはめる — to apply (a rule, theory, standard, or generalization) to a specific case or situation
踏襲 — to follow in the footsteps of, to inherit/continue (a policy, practice, etc.)
経営方針 — management policy, business policy
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