N1 Vocabulary · Test 38

「潔い」 is read 「いさぎよい」 and means 'clean, manly, decisive, graceful (in accepting defeat or a situation).' The sentence means 'His attitude yesterday was truly decisive/graceful.' Option 3 「いさぎよい」 is the correct reading.

• 1「きよい」 is the reading of 「清い（きよい）」, meaning 'pure, clean.' Different kanji and nuance.
• 2「とうとい」 is the reading of 「尊い / 貴い（とうとい）」, meaning 'precious, noble, exalted.' Different kanji and meaning.
• 4「こころよい」 is the reading of 「快い（こころよい）」, meaning 'pleasant, agreeable.' Different kanji and meaning.

• 潔いさぎよい — decisive, manly, graceful (e.g., in accepting defeat or a situation without lingering regret)

表明（ひょうめい）する means 'to declare/state publicly,' and it is the natural word for a player announcing retirement at a press conference. The pattern 「引退することを表明した」is a common collocation in news contexts.

• 1証言（しょうげん）means 'testimony,' used when someone gives evidence in court or to investigators. It does not fit a voluntary public announcement at a press conference.
• 2開示（かいじ）means 'disclosure,' typically of documents, information, or data (e.g., 情報開示). It is not used for declaring one's own decision such as retirement.
• 3供述（きょうじゅつ）means 'giving a statement/confession,' used in legal/police contexts when a suspect or witness states facts. It is inappropriate for a press-conference announcement.

• 表明ひょうめい — to declare/express publicly (one's intention, position, etc.)
• 証言しょうげん — testimony (in court/legal context)
• 開示かいじ — disclosure (of information/documents)
• 供述きょうじゅつ — statement/confession (to police/authorities)

精力的に（せいりょくてきに）means 'energetically/vigorously,' and it naturally modifies 講演を行い while describing someone flying around the country actively campaigning. The collocation 「精力的に講演を行う」is very common.

• 1圧倒的に（あっとうてきに）means 'overwhelmingly,' used to describe a large margin or degree (e.g., 圧倒的に有利). It does not describe how actively someone gives speeches.
• 3急進的に（きゅうしんてきに）means 'radically/progressively,' describing rapid political or social change. It does not fit the manner of giving lectures.
• 4普遍的に（ふへんてきに）means 'universally/generally,' describing something that applies everywhere. It does not describe the energy or manner of a lecture tour.

• 精力的せいりょくてきに — energetically, vigorously
• 圧倒的あっとうてきに — overwhelmingly
• 急進的きゅうしんてきに — radically, in a progressive/rapid manner
• 普遍的ふへんてきに — universally, generally

気がかり（きがかり）means 'worry/anxiety, something that weighs on one's mind.' The sentence says the speaker could not fully enjoy the trip because they were worried about the pet left with a friend. 「気がかりで」= 'because I was anxious about…' fits perfectly.

• 1手つかず（てつかず）means 'untouched/unstarted.' It does not express worry and does not fit the pattern 「～が手つかずで」in this context.
• 2臆病（おくびょう）means 'cowardly/timid,' describing a personality trait. It is not used for a specific situational worry about something left behind.
• 4迷惑（めいわく）means 'annoyance/trouble/inconvenience.' While you might feel 迷惑 was caused, the sentence describes the speaker's own anxiety, not inconvenience imposed on them.

• 気きがかり — worry, anxiety; something that weighs on one's mind
• 手てつかず — untouched, not yet started
• 臆病おくびょう — cowardly, timid
• 迷惑めいわく — annoyance, trouble, inconvenience

推移（すいい）means 'transition/course of change over time.' When showing how a city's population changed over one year, 人口の推移 is the standard collocation. The sentence says 'this shows the ～ of the city's population over the past year.'

• 2過程（かてい）means 'process,' referring to steps or stages of an action. Population change over time is described as 推移, not 過程.
• 3転換（てんかん）means 'conversion/switch,' a single dramatic change of direction. Population change over a year is gradual, not a 転換.
• 4変容（へんよう）means 'transformation/alteration,' usually a qualitative change in form or nature. It does not fit a quantitative time-series like population.

• 推移すいい — transition, course of change over time
• 過程かてい — process, stages of an action
• 転換てんかん — conversion, switch of direction
• 変容へんよう — transformation, alteration (of form/nature)

丘陵 is read きゅうりょう, meaning 'hills, rolling hills.' 丘 is read きゅう and 陵 is read りょう. The sentence この国の南側には、なだらかな丘陵地帯が広がっている means 'On the south side of this country, gentle hilly terrain spreads out.' Option 3 (きゅうりょう) is correct.

• 1しゅうりょう swaps 丘's reading to しゅう — this is the reading of 終了 (completion), a lookalike distractor.
• 2きゅうろう reads 陵 as ろう instead of りょう — wrong reading for 陵 in this compound.
• 4しゅうろう combines both wrong readings (しゅう for 丘 and ろう for 陵), echoing 修理 (しゅうり) or 集労-type sounds.

• 丘陵きゅうりょう — hills, rolling hills, hilly terrain