N1 Vocabulary · Test 46

偏っている is the te-form (continuative) of 偏る（かたよる）, meaning 'to be biased, to be one-sided, to be skewed.' The sentence means 'The information in this magazine is somewhat biased.'

• 1こだわって is 拘る, meaning 'to be particular about, to obsess over' — describes being fixated, not being biased.
• 2あやまって is 誤る, meaning 'to make a mistake, to err' — could loosely relate to flawed information, but the kanji 偏 is never read this way.
• 3いつわって is 偽る, meaning 'to deceive, to falsify' — a different word about lying, not about bias.

• 偏かたよる — to be biased, to be one-sided, to be skewed

教訓 (きょうくん) means 'a lesson learned from experience.' The phrase 事故から得た教訓 ('the lesson gained from this accident') is a natural and common collocation. The sentence says: 'Based on the lesson learned from this accident, measures to prevent recurrence were established.' 教訓をもとに ('based on the lesson') fits perfectly.

• 1触発 (しょくはつ) means 'inspiration' or 'being stimulated/influenced by something.' It is used when someone is inspired to do something (e.g., 触発されて). It does not fit the context of learning from an accident.
• 2啓発 (けいはつ) means 'enlightenment' or 'raising awareness,' often used in public campaigns (e.g., 啓発活動). You do not 'obtain 啓発 from an accident.'
• 3教養 (きょうよう) means 'culture,' 'education,' or 'general knowledge/refinement.' It refers to a person's cultivated knowledge, not something gained from a specific incident.

• 教訓きょうくん — lesson learned from experience
• 触発しょくはつ — inspiration, stimulation
• 啓発けいはつ — enlightenment, raising awareness
• 教養きょうよう — culture, education, refinement

センス means 'sense' (borrowed from English), and 服のセンス ('sense for clothes/fashion sense') is a very common collocation. The sentence says: 'Hayashi-san has outstanding fashion sense and always dresses nicely.' センスが抜群で ('the sense is outstanding') fits perfectly.

• 2タイミング means 'timing.' While timing is important in many contexts, it has nothing to do with choosing nice clothes.
• 3ステップ means 'step(s),' as in dance steps or procedural steps. It does not relate to fashion or clothing choice.
• 4ニュアンス means 'nuance,' a subtle difference in meaning or expression. It does not collocate with 服の～が抜群 and is irrelevant to dressing well.

• センス — sense (e.g., fashion sense, aesthetic sense)
• タイミング — timing
• ステップ — step
• ニュアンス — nuance, subtle difference

流出 (りゅうしゅつ) means 'outflow' or 'leakage.' 技術が流出する ('technology leaks out') is the standard expression for proprietary technology escaping to outside parties. The sentence says: 'Company A strengthened its management system to prevent its developed technology from leaking out.' 流出するのを防ぐ ('prevent leakage') is the correct collocation.

• 1展開 (てんかい) means 'deployment' or 'development/rollout.' A company would want to 展開 its technology, not prevent it from 展開する.
• 2発散 (はっさん) means 'emission' or 'diffusion,' typically of heat, light, energy, or stress. It is not used for technology or information leaking to competitors.
• 4転向 (てんこう) means 'changing direction' or 'switching one's stance/allegiance.' It applies to people or policies, not to technology leaking out.

• 流出りゅうしゅつ — outflow, leakage (of information, technology, etc.)
• 展開てんかい — deployment, development, rollout
• 発散はっさん — emission, diffusion (of heat, energy, etc.)
• 転向てんこう — change of direction, switch of stance

尽くす (つくす) means 'to exhaust, to do something to the fullest.' 最善を尽くす ('to do one's utmost / do the best possible') is a fixed collocation. The sentence says: 'No matter what hardships I face, I strive to do my utmost.' 最善を尽くすよう努めている fits perfectly.

• 1遂げる (とげる) means 'to accomplish, to achieve' (a goal, a plan). You would say 目標を遂げる ('achieve a goal'), but 最善を遂げる is not a valid collocation — 最善 is not something you 'achieve.'
• 3果たす (はたす) means 'to fulfill, to carry out' (a role, a duty, a promise). You can say 責任を果たす ('fulfill a responsibility') or 役割を果たす ('play a role'), but 最善を果たす is not idiomatic.
• 4極める (きわめる) means 'to take to the extreme, to master thoroughly.' You can say 顶点を極める ('reach the summit') or 学問を極める ('master a field of study'), but 最善を極める is not the standard expression for 'doing one's best.'

• 尽つくす — to exhaust, to do to the fullest (最善を尽くす: do one's utmost)
• 遂とげる — to accomplish, to achieve (a goal)
• 果はたす — to fulfill, to carry out (a duty, role)
• 極きわめる — to take to the extreme, to master thoroughly

相場 is read そうば. 相 has the on'yomi そう (as in 相互 そうご), and 場 has the on'yomi ば (as in 場所 ばしょ — though that's kun, 場's on'yomi じょう also exists; here it is ば). 相場 means 'market price, going rate,' fitting 'rental rates differ by region.'

• 1あいば is wrong: 相 here uses the on'yomi そう, not the kun'yomi あい. This is a kun/on distractor.
• 3あいじょう is wrong for both: 相 is そう not あい, and 場 is ば not じょう.
• 4そうじょう is wrong: 場 is read ば in this compound, not じょう. じょう is another on'yomi of 場 (as in 場面 じょうめん would be wrong; actually 場面 is ばめん), but in 相場 it is ば.

• 相場そうば — market price, going rate
• 家賃やちん — rent (for housing)