N1 Vocabulary · Test 50

拒む(こばむ) means 'to refuse, to reject, to oppose'. In the て-form 拒んで, the sentence means 'There's no point in refusing any longer.'

• 1うらんで comes from 恨む(うらむ), 'to resent/bear a grudge', semantically different.
• 2おがんで comes from 拝む(おがむ), 'to worship/pray', unrelated.
• 3にくんで comes from 憎む(にくむ), 'to hate', semantically different from refusing.

• 拒こばむ — to refuse, to reject, to oppose

可決（かけつ）される means 'to be passed/approved (by a legislature).' The sentence says the ordinance submitted to the assembly was passed by a majority of yes votes, so 可決 fits perfectly.

• 1判別（はんべつ）means 'distinguishing/identifying' (e.g., telling things apart). It does not collocate with 条例 in a legislative context.
• 2採取（さいしゅ）means 'collecting/gathering' (samples, data, evidence). A条例 is not 'collected' by a legislature.
• 3選出（せんしゅつ）means 'selecting/electing' (a person for a position). An ordinance is not 'elected.'

• 可決かけつ — passing (a bill/ordinance) in a legislature
• 条例じょうれい — ordinance, local regulation
• 賛成多数さんせいたすう — majority in favor

心細い（こころぼそい）means 'anxious, insecure, lonely, uneasy.' The sentence describes arriving in a foreign country where you can't communicate and have no acquaintances — a situation that makes one feel insecure and lonely. 心細い気持ちになった is natural.

• 1かすかな means 'faint, slight, vague' (e.g., かすかな希望). It does not describe the emotional state of loneliness/anxiety.
• 3ひそかな means 'secret, quiet, stealthy' (e.g., ひそかな楽しみ). It does not fit the context of feeling anxious and alone.
• 4心無い（こころない）means 'heartless, thoughtless, inconsiderate.' It describes someone else's behavior, not one's own emotional state.

• 心細こころぼそい — anxious, insecure, lonely, uneasy
• 通つうじる — to communicate, to get through
• 知人ちじん — acquaintance

食い止める（くいとめる）means 'to halt, to check, to stop (something from getting worse).' The sentence says Company A, with bank support, managed to somehow halt the deterioration of its management. 経営の悪化を食い止める is a standard collocation.

• 1投げ出す（なげだす）means 'to throw away, to give up, to abandon.' Giving up on management deterioration is the opposite of what the sentence describes.
• 2吸い上げる（すいあげる）means 'to suck up, to draw up (money, resources).' It does not collocate with 経営の悪化.
• 3打ち切る（うちきる）means 'to discontinue, to call it quits, to terminate.' You don't 'terminate' a deterioration; you halt it.

• 食い止める（くいとめる） — to halt, to check, to stop from worsening
• 経営の悪化（けいえいのあっか） — deterioration of management/business conditions
• 支援しえん — support, assistance

ノルマ means 'quota, sales target, norm.' The sentence says each employee in the sales department is assigned a strict ___ every week. 厳しいノルマが課される (a strict quota is imposed) is a very common collocation.

• 1キャリア means 'career.' A career is not something 'assigned weekly' to each employee.
• 3チーフ means 'chief, head.' A person/role is not 'assigned as a strict weekly requirement' in this sense.
• 4コスト means 'cost.' Costs are not typically 'assigned' to individual employees weekly in this way.

• ノルマ（のるま） — quota, sales target, norm (from Russian 'norma')
• 課かされる — to be imposed, to be assigned (from 課する)
• 営業部えいぎょうぶ — sales department

跡地(あとち) means 'former site' or 'vacant lot (where something used to stand).' The sentence means 'The former factory site became a park.' Option 1, あとち, is the correct reading.

• 2あとじ is an incorrect reading; 跡 can be read あと but 地 is ち in this compound, not じ.
• 3せきち uses the on'yomi せき for 跡, but 跡地 is read with the kun'yomi あとち, not せきち.
• 4せきじ uses on'yomi for both characters, but the correct reading is あとち.

• 跡地あとち — former site, vacant lot where something once stood

立て替えて（たてかえて）means 'to pay for someone in advance and be reimbursed later.' The speaker says they will pay the copy charges later, so they are asking the other person to front the money for now — this is exactly what 立て替える means. The pattern 〜ておいてもらえませんか asks someone to do something as a temporary measure, which fits perfectly.

• 1積み立てて（つみたてて）means 'to save up / accumulate (money) over time,' such as saving for retirement. It does not mean paying on someone's behalf.
• 2引き落として（ひきおとして）means 'to deduct (money from an account),' as in automatic bank withdrawals. It does not fit the context of asking someone to pay on your behalf.
• 4差し引いて（さしひいて）means 'to deduct / subtract,' used when taking one amount away from another. It does not mean advancing payment for someone.

• 立て替える（たてかえる） — to pay for someone in advance (expecting reimbursement)
• 積み立てる（つみたてる） — to save up, to accumulate (funds) over time
• 引き落とす（ひきおとす） — to deduct (from an account)
• 差し引く（さしひく） — to deduct, to subtract

一任（いちにん）means 'to entrust entirely / to leave something completely to someone's discretion.' The sentence says the final response to this problem has been decided to be left entirely to the company president — 一任する is the correct word for fully delegating authority or decision-making to a specific person.

• 1依存（いぞん）means 'to depend on / to rely on,' implying a passive reliance relationship. It does not convey the act of entrusting a decision to someone.
• 3従属（じゅうぞく）means 'to be subordinate / to submit to,' describing a hierarchical relationship, not the act of delegating a task.
• 4委託（いたく）means 'to entrust / to commission,' typically used for outsourcing tasks or business operations to another party or organization. While plausible, it lacks the nuance of leaving full discretionary authority to a specific individual that 一任 carries.

• 一任いちにん — to entrust entirely, to leave to someone's full discretion
• 依存いぞん — to depend on, to rely on
• 従属じゅうぞく — to be subordinate, to submit
• 委託いたく — to entrust, to commission (a task/business)

むしょうに（無性に）means 'irresistibly / overwhelmingly / for some reason very strongly.' The sentence describes an inexplicable, overwhelming urge to eat sweets when tired — なぜか…むしょうに captures this perfectly.

• 1ひたむきに（一途に/ひたむきに）means 'earnestly / devotedly,' describing sincere dedication toward a goal. It has a positive, focused nuance and does not describe an irresistible craving.
• 3かたくなに（頑なに）means 'stubbornly / obstinately,' describing refusal to change one's mind. It does not fit the context of wanting to eat something.
• 4いちずに（一途に）means 'single-mindedly / with undivided attention,' similar to ひたむきに. It describes focused devotion, not an overwhelming urge.

• 無性むしょうに — irresistibly, overwhelmingly, for some reason very much
• ひたむきに — earnestly, devotedly
• 頑かたくなに — stubbornly, obstinately
• 一途いちずに — single-mindedly, with undivided attention

強硬に（きょうこうに）means 'stubbornly / forcefully / taking a hard line.' The sentence says that because he stubbornly insisted on his own opinion, the discussion made no progress at all. 強硬に主張する is a common collocation meaning to assert one's position in a rigid, uncompromising way, which fits the negative outcome described.

• 2果敢に（かかんに）means 'boldly / bravely,' with a positive nuance of courageous action. It does not describe stubborn insistence that blocks discussion.
• 3無謀に（むぼうに）means 'recklessly / rashly,' describing actions undertaken without proper planning. While negative, it focuses on lack of planning rather than stubborn insistence on one's opinion.
• 4堅実に（けんじつに）means 'steadily / reliably / soundly,' a positive term describing careful, dependable action. It contradicts the negative context of the discussion stalling.

• 強硬きょうこうに — stubbornly, forcefully, taking a hard line
• 果敢かかんに — boldly, bravely
• 無謀むぼうに — recklessly, rashly
• 堅実けんじつに — steadily, reliably, soundly