N1 Vocabulary · Test 63

危ぶむ（あやぶむ）means 'to be anxious about, to doubt the safety/success of.' 「継続が危ぶまれている」is a fixed news expression meaning 'the continuation is in doubt/jeopardized.' The passive is appropriate because the subject (継続) is what is being questioned.

• 1損なう（そこなう）means 'to damage/spoil/reduce.' 継続が損なわれる would mean 'the continuation was damaged,' which is not idiomatic; you would say 継続が損なわれている only if continuation itself was already harmed, not if it is in doubt.
• 2恐れる（おそれる）means 'to fear.' 継続が恐れられている would mean 'the continuation is feared,' which is semantically odd — people fear the loss of the project, not the continuation itself.
• 3崩す（くずす）means 'to break down/collapse.' 継続が崩されている is ungrammatical in meaning; you collapse a structure or plan, but 継続 (the act of continuing) cannot be 崩される.

• 危あやぶむ — to be anxious about, to doubt the safety/success of
• 損そこなう — to damage, spoil, reduce
• 恐おそれる — to fear, be afraid of
• 崩くずす — to break down, collapse, demolish

ずっしりと means 'heavily, with solid weight,' and it directly modifies 重い to emphasize that the box is genuinely heavy because it is packed with books. 「ずっしりと重い」is a natural collocation describing a dense, weighty object.

• 1ぐらぐらと means 'wobbly/unstable/rattling,' describing something loose or shaking. It does not describe weight.
• 2どんよりと means 'gloomy/heavy,' used for weather (e.g., どんよりとした空) or a heavy atmosphere. It is not used for the physical weight of an object.
• 4じめじめと means 'damp/humid,' describing moisture or a wet environment. It has nothing to do with weight.

• ずっしりと — heavily, with solid weight
• ぐらぐらと — wobbly, unstable, rattling
• どんよりと — gloomy, heavy (weather/atmosphere)
• じめじめと — damp, humid

歴然（れきぜん）means 'clear, obvious, unmistakable.' The phrase 歴然としている describes something that is plainly evident. The sentence says 'When you place the two products side by side, the difference between them is obvious, and you can immediately tell one is a fake.' 歴然 fits perfectly because the difference is glaringly clear.

• 2整然（せいぜん）means 'orderly, neat, well-organized.' It describes things arranged in order, not differences that are obvious. The differences between products are not 'orderly.'
• 3続々（ぞくぞく）means 'one after another, in succession.' It describes things happening continuously in sequence, which does not fit the context of comparing two products.
• 4堂々（どうどう）means 'grand, magnificent, imposing.' It describes an impressive appearance or demeanor, not the clarity of a difference between two items.

• 歴然れきぜん — clear, obvious, unmistakable
• 整然せいぜん — orderly, neat
• 続々ぞくぞく — one after another, in succession
• 堂々どうどう — grand, magnificent, imposing

異例（いれい）means 'unusual, exceptional, unprecedented' — something that deviates from the norm or has no prior example. 珍しい（めずらしい）means 'rare, unusual,' which is the closest paraphrase. The sentence says 'For a newcomer to be chosen for the lead role right away is an unusual/unprecedented thing.'

• 2めでたい means 'auspicious, joyful, congratulatory.' Being chosen as the lead is not described as a celebratory event but as something out of the ordinary.
• 3立派な（りっぱな）means 'splendid, fine, admirable.' 異例 does not mean splendid; it means exceptional or unusual.
• 4幸運な（こううんな）means 'lucky, fortunate.' While being chosen might be lucky, 異例 describes the rarity/unusualness of the situation, not luck.

• 異例いれい — unusual, exceptional, unprecedented
• 珍めずらしい — rare, unusual

打ち込んだ（うちこんだ）is the past tense of 打ち込む, meaning 'to devote oneself to, to be absorbed in, to throw oneself into something.' 熱中した（ねっちゅうした）means 'was absorbed in, was enthusiastic about,' which is the best paraphrase. The sentence says 'Kimura devoted himself to / was absorbed in experiments to develop a new medicine.'

• 1失敗した（しっぱいした）means 'failed.' 打ち込む has nothing to do with failure.
• 2苦労した（くろうした）means 'had hardship, struggled.' While experiments may involve hardship, 打ち込む describes passionate dedication, not suffering.
• 3協力した（きょうりょくした）means 'cooperated, collaborated.' 打ち込む is about personal devotion/immersion, not cooperation with others.

• 打ち込む（うちこむ） — to devote oneself to, to be absorbed in
• 熱中ねっちゅうする — to be absorbed in, to be enthusiastic about

「張り合う（はりあう）」は「互いに張り合って競争する、ライバル関係で競い合う」を意味します。「競い合って（きそいあって）」は「互いに競争し合う」で、最も近い意味です。

• 1「見つめ合って（みつめあって）」は「互いにじっと見る」ことであり、競争とは無関係です。
• 2「助け合って（たすけあって）」は「互いに助け合う」ことであり、競争とは逆の協力関係です。
• 4「傷つけ合って（きずつけあって）」は「互いに傷を与え合う」ことであり、競争そのものとは異なります。張り合うは必ずしも傷つけ合うことを意味しません。

• 張り合う（はりあう） — to compete with each other, to vie
• 競い合う（きそいあう） — to compete with each other
• 見つめ合う（みつめあう） — to gaze at each other
• 助け合う（たすけあう） — to help each other

「かたくなな（頑なな）」は「考えや態度が固くて、容易に変わらないこと」を意味します。「頑固な（がんこな）」は「自分の意見や態度を固く守って変えないこと」で、ほぼ同義です。

• 1「冷静な（れいせいな）」は「落ち着いていて感情に左右されない」ことであり、固くて変わらないとは異なります。
• 3「強引な（ごういんな）」は「無理やりに物事を進める様子」であり、頑ななとは異なります。
• 4「真剣な（しんけんな）」は「本気で真面目な様子」であり、態度が固く変わらないこととは異なります。

• かたくなな — obstinate, stubborn, inflexible
• 頑固がんこな — stubborn, obstinate
• 冷静れいせいな — calm, composed
• 強引ごういんな — forceful, pushy, high-handed