N1 Vocabulary · Test 83

丹念に（たんねんに） means 'carefully, meticulously, with great attention to detail.' When reading a newspaper, 「丹念に目を通す」 means reading it carefully and thoroughly. Option 3, じっくりと (carefully, taking one's time), is the closest synonym.

• 1ぼうっと means 'vacantly, absentmindedly, in a daze.' This is the opposite of careful reading.
• 2ちらっと means 'briefly, with a quick glance.' This is too superficial compared to 丹念に.
• 4ざっと means 'roughly, skimming through.' This is also superficial, the opposite of careful/meticulous reading.

• 丹念たんねんに — carefully, meticulously
• 目を通す（めをとおす） — to look over, to read through
• じっくりと — carefully, taking one's time
• ざっと — roughly, at a glance
• ちらっと — briefly, with a quick glance
• ぼうっと — vacantly, absentmindedly

はかどる means 'to make progress, to advance (in work/tasks).' 「仕事がはかどっている」 means 'work is making good progress.' Option 2, 順調に進んでいる (じゅんちょうにすすんでいる, 'is proceeding smoothly'), correctly captures this meaning.

• 1予想外に遅れている (よそうがいにおくれている) means 'is unexpectedly behind schedule,' the opposite of はかどる.
• 3徐々に減っている (じょじにへっている) means 'is gradually decreasing.' はかどる is about progress, not reduction.
• 4急激に増えている (きゅうげきにふえている) means 'is rapidly increasing.' はかどる does not mean increasing in quantity.

• はかどる — to make progress, to advance (in work)
• 順調じゅんちょうに — smoothly, favorably
• 遅おくれる — to be delayed, to fall behind

見合わせる（みあわせる） means 'to postpone, to suspend, to put on hold.' 「計画は見合わせることになりました」 means 'it was decided to suspend/postpone the plan.' Option 4, 中止する (ちゅうしする, 'to cancel/suspend'), is the correct synonym.

• 1承認する (しょうにんする) means 'to approve.' 見合わせる means putting something on hold, not approving it.
• 2実施する (じっしする) means 'to carry out, to implement.' This is the opposite of 見合わせる.
• 3変更する (へんこうする) means 'to alter, to modify.' 見合わせる means suspending/postponing, not changing the content.

• 見合みあわせる — to postpone, to suspend, to put on hold
• 検討けんとう — study, consideration, examination
• 中止ちゅうしする — to cancel, to suspend
• 承認しょうにんする — to approve
• 実施じっしする — to carry out, to implement
• 変更へんこうする — to alter, to modify

「やむをえず」means 'unwillingly, unavoidably, having no choice.' The sentence says the match had to be postponed because of heavy rain — it was unavoidable. Option 1「しかたなく」(仕方なく) means 'reluctantly, with no other choice,' which matches perfectly.

• 2「まもなく」(間もなく) means 'soon, shortly.' This is about timing, not about being forced to do something.
• 3「思いがけなく」(思いがけなく) means 'unexpectedly.' The rain causing a postponement is not necessarily unexpected; the nuance is 'no choice,' not 'surprise.'
• 4「限りなく」(限りなく) means 'limitlessly, endlessly.' This does not fit the context at all.

• やむをえず — unavoidably, reluctantly, having no choice
• しかたなく — reluctantly, with no other choice (仕方なく)
• まもなく — soon, shortly (間もなく)
• 思おもいがけなく — unexpectedly (思いがけなく)
• 限かぎりなく — limitlessly, endlessly

「調達」(ちょうたつ) means 'to procure, to secure (funds, materials, goods).' Option 1 says 'We must procure funds for the new business,' which is the correct usage — 資金を調達する is a standard collocation.

• 2For a scholarship application method, you would「調べる」(investigate/look up), not「調達する」. 調達 is for procuring tangible/intangible resources, not for researching information.
• 3For obtaining qualifications, the correct verb is「取得する」(しゅとくする, to acquire). 資格を調達する is unnatural.
• 4Awareness (意識) cannot be 'procured.' This sentence would need a word like「調査する」(investigate) or「高める」(raise), not 調達.

• 調達ちょうたつ — procurement, securing (funds, materials, goods)
• 資金しきん — funds, capital
• 取得しゅとく — acquisition (of qualifications, rights, etc.)

盛装 is read せいそう, meaning 'dressing up, formal attire.' The sentence says 'At the party, many people were dressed up.' The correct reading is せいそう, which corresponds to option 3. NOTE: The options appear to have been transcribed as kanji words instead of kana readings. The intended options are almost certainly kana: 1.せいぞう 2.じょうじょう 3.せいそう 4.じょうしょう. Option 3 (せいそう) is the correct reading of 盛装.

• 1製造（せいぞう）has the reading せいぞう, which differs from せいそう by one vowel (ぞ vs そ). This is a deliberate distractor.
• 2情状（じょうじょう）has the reading じょうじょう, which is completely different from せいそう.
• 4上昇（じょうしょう）has the reading じょうしょう, which differs from せいそう. Another deliberate distractor with a similar-sounding reading.

• 盛装せいそう — dressing up, formal attire (する-verb: to dress up)
• 製造せいぞう — manufacturing, production
• 清掃せいそう — cleaning (homophone of 盛装)

童謡 is read どうよう, meaning 'children's song, nursery rhyme.' The sentence says 'When I was a child, I often sang children's songs.' The correct reading is どうよう, which corresponds to option 1. NOTE: As with Q16, the options appear to have been transcribed as kanji words instead of kana readings. The intended options are likely kana: 1.どうよう 2.とうよう 3.とうよ 4.どよう. Option 1 (どうよう) is the correct reading of 童謡.

• 2東洋（とうよう）has the reading とうよう, which differs from どうよう (とう vs どう). A deliberate near-homophone distractor.
• 3投与（とうよ）has the reading とうよ, which is shorter and differs from どうよう.
• 4土曜（どよう）has the reading どよう, which differs from どうよう by one vowel (ど vs どう). Another deliberate distractor.

• 童謡どうよう — children's song, nursery rhyme
• 同様どうよう — same, similar, identical (homophone of 童謡)

丘陵 is read きゅうりょう, meaning 'rolling hills, low hills.' The sentence says 'This is a rural area where gentle rolling hills continue.' The correct reading is きゅうりょう, which corresponds to option 4. NOTE: As with Q16 and Q17, the options appear to have been transcribed as kanji words instead of kana readings. The intended options are likely kana: 1.きょうりょく 2.きゅうりゅう 3.きょうり 4.きゅうりょう. Option 4 (きゅうりょう) is the correct reading of 丘陵.

• 1協力（きょうりょく）has the reading きょうりょく, which differs from きゅうりょう (きょう vs きゅう, りょく vs りょう). A deliberate distractor with similar sounds.
• 2急流（きゅうりゅう）has the reading きゅうりゅう, which differs from きゅうりょう by one vowel (りゅう vs りょう). A very close distractor.
• 3郷里（きょうり）has the reading きょうり, which differs from きゅうりょう. Another deliberate distractor.

• 丘陵きゅうりょう — rolling hills, low hills
• なだらか — gentle, smooth (slope)
• 田園地帯でんえんちたい — rural area, farmland zone

This is a reading-recognition question: you must find which option shares the same reading as the underlined word 細菌 (さいきん, 'bacteria'). 最近 is read さいきん, matching exactly.

• 1再婚 is read さいこん ('remarriage') — different vowel (お vs い).
• 3採掘 is read さいくつ ('mining/excavation') — different ending.
• 4才覚 is read さいかく ('ability/talent') — different ending.

• 細菌さいきん — bacteria, germ
• 最近さいきん — recently, near past
• 再婚さいこん — remarriage
• 採掘さいくつ — mining, excavation
• 才覚さいかく — ability, talent

This is a reading-recognition question: you must find which option shares the same reading as the underlined word 棄権 (きけん, 'abstention'). 危険 is read きけん, matching exactly.

• 2貢献 is read こうけん ('contribution') — different initial consonant.
• 3下限 is read かげん ('lower limit') — different reading entirely.
• 4空言 is read そらごと ('lie/empty words') — completely different reading.

• 棄権きけん — abstention (from voting)
• 危険きけん — danger, risk
• 貢献こうけん — contribution
• 下限かげん — lower limit
• 空言そらごと — empty words, lie