N2 Grammar · Test 50

Option 1 「しかない」is correct. 「〜しかない」means 'there is nothing to do but ~; one has no choice but to ~.' The sentence describes a situation where it suddenly started raining, the speaker has no umbrella and lots of luggage, the station is far, and there is no other method — so taking a taxi is the only option. The final clause 「ほかに方法がない」(there is no other way) directly supports this.

• 2「ことがない」(have never ~) does not fit grammatically or semantically. 「タクシー乗ることががないだろう」is both ungrammatical and meaningless in this context.
• 3「わけがない」(there is no way ~; it is impossible) would mean 'there is no way one would ride a taxi,' which contradicts the context where riding a taxi is the ONLY available option.
• 4「はずがない」(cannot be ~; there is no reason to expect ~) similarly expresses impossibility/implausibility, contradicting the context where taking a taxi is the logical conclusion.

• 〜しかない — there is nothing to do but ~; one has no choice but to ~ (used when there is no alternative)
• ほかに方法がない（ほかにほうほうがない） — there is no other method/way

Option 4 「になるだろう」is correct. The sentence means 'In Tokyo land prices are high, so it is quite difficult for an ordinary salaryman to own a house. Even if one buys a house, it would probably be in a location inconvenient for commuting.' The pattern 「〜としても」(even if ~) sets up a hypothetical, and the main clause needs a positive conjecture: 「〜になるだろう」(would probably be ~).

• 1「ではないだろう」(probably not) would make the sentence say 'it would probably not be an inconvenient location,' which contradicts the intended meaning that the house WOULD be in an inconvenient location.
• 2「ではあるまい」(probably not) similarly negates the inconvenience, contradicting the context. The sentence is saying that even if you buy a house, it WILL be in an inconvenient place.
• 3「にかぎらない」(is not limited to ~) does not fit grammatically or semantically. 「通勤に不便な場所にかぎらない」= 'not limited to inconvenient locations' makes no sense in context.

• 〜としても — even if ~; even assuming ~ (hypothetical concession)
• 通勤つうきん — commuting to work/school
• 不便ふべん — inconvenient (な-adjective)

The correct option is 2. The sentence contrasts the time it takes to get used to a new environment at different ages: 6 months at 20, 1 year at 30, and 3 years at 40. For those 19 and under, it takes only 3 months. The grammar pattern 'しか～ない' (only) is used with a negative verb to express a small amount or short duration. '3か月しかかからない' means 'it only takes 3 months,' which perfectly fits the concluding sentence that the younger you are, the faster you adapt.

• 1'もかかる' implies that 3 months is a long time (takes as much as 3 months). This contradicts the context that younger people adapt faster than older people.
• 3'は必要だ' means '3 months are necessary.' While grammatically possible, it lacks the nuance of 'only 3 months' needed to contrast with the longer times for older age groups, making it an unnatural choice here.
• 4'では十分でない' means '3 months is not enough.' This directly contradicts the conclusion that younger people adapt faster.

• 慣なれる — to get used to, to become accustomed to
• かかる — to take (time, money, etc.)
• しか～ない — only, nothing but (used with a negative verb to indicate a small amount/degree)
• 十分じゅうぶん — sufficient, enough

The sentence means: 'Writing is expressing something, and unless you make clear what you want to express, you can't write anything.' The key pattern is 〜ないことには ('unless / without doing X, Y cannot happen'). させないことには = 'unless (you) make it clear' → '何も書けない' (can't write anything). This is a classic conditional-negative structure.

• 1させないように means 'so as not to make it clear' or 'try not to make it clear.' This is the opposite of what the sentence requires.
• 3させたいというのは means 'what I mean by wanting to make it clear is...' This doesn't connect grammatically to 何も書けない.
• 4させたいといっても means 'even if (I) say I want to make it clear...' This doesn't produce the 'unless → can't' conditional relationship needed.

• 〜ないことには — unless...; without doing... (if X is not done, Y cannot happen)
• はっきりさせる — to make clear; to clarify
• 〜ないように — so as not to; in order to avoid

The passage describes someone who is indecisive, takes too long to reply, and ultimately regrets when trips get cancelled. This means they actually DO want to go but can't decide quickly. 行きたくないわけではないが means 'it's not that I don't want to go, but...' — perfectly capturing the nuance: they want to go, but they hesitate and overthink until it's too late.

• 2行きたくないから means 'because I don't want to go.' This contradicts the regret (残念に思う) the speaker feels when the trip is cancelled.
• 3行きたいわけではないが means 'it's not that I want to go, but...' This is the opposite — it says the speaker doesn't want to go, which contradicts the regret.
• 4行きたいというより means 'rather than wanting to go...' This doesn't fit the structure or the meaning; it introduces a comparison that doesn't connect to the rest of the sentence.

• 〜ないわけではない — it's not that (I) don't...; it's not the case that... (double negative = affirmation with nuance)
• とりやめになる — to be cancelled; to be called off
• 残念に思う（ざんねんにおもう） — to feel regret; to feel disappointed

The passage argues: a product only becomes a product when someone buys it. If the price is too high and it doesn't sell, you have no choice but to lower the price so a buyer can be found. 値下げせざるをえない ('cannot help but lower the price') uses the pattern 〜ざるをえない ('have no choice but to'), which perfectly matches the logical necessity described: 'そうすることによって...はじめて商品になる' (only by doing so does it finally become a product).

• 1値下げすることはない means 'there is no lowering of the price / one will not lower the price.' This contradicts the passage's argument that lowering the price is necessary.
• 2値下げすべきではない means 'one should not lower the price.' This is the opposite of what the passage advocates.
• 4値下げするおそれがある means 'there is a risk of lowering the price.' This frames price reduction as a negative risk, whereas the passage presents it as a necessary and positive action.

• 〜ざるをえない — cannot help but; have no choice but to (expresses unavoidable necessity)
• 値下ねさげ — price reduction; lowering the price
• 成立せいりつしない — does not come into being; is not established
• 〜おそれがある — there is a risk of; there is a danger that...

Option 4 is correct. 「〜に基づいて」（にもとづいて） means 'based on ~'. The sentence states that the work was created 'based on the records of an incident that actually happened' (実際に起こった事件の記録に基づいて描かれており), which makes perfect logical sense in this context.

• 1「〜に限って」（にかぎって） means 'limited to ~' or 'especially when it comes to ~'. It does not fit here, as a work cannot be drawn 'limited to' the records.
• 2「〜に反して」（にはんして） means 'contrary to ~' or 'against ~'. If the work were drawn contrary to the records, it would contradict the premise that it is a record of an actual incident.
• 3「〜に対して」（にたいして） means 'towards ~' or 'in contrast to ~'. It does not convey the relationship of using the records as source material for the work.

• 基もとづく — to be based on, to originate from
• 限かぎる — to restrict, to limit
• 反はんする — to oppose, to go against
• 対たいする — to face, to be opposite, towards
• 記録きろく — record, document
• 事件じけん — incident, event