N3 Grammar · Test 7

「として」means 'as (a role/identity)'. The sentence reads: 彼は小説家として有名になったが、普段は小さな病院で働く医者だ — 'He became famous as a novelist, but normally he works as a doctor at a small hospital.' The structure Noun + として designates the capacity or role in which someone is known or acts, which fits perfectly here: he gained fame in the capacity of novelist.

• 1「について」means 'about/concerning'. 小説家について有名になった would mean 'became famous about a novelist,' which is grammatically and semantically nonsensical. This particle is used for topics of discussion (e.g., 日本について話す 'talk about Japan'), not for expressing a role.
• 3「にしたがって」means 'as…; along with…; in accordance with,' indicating change that occurs in proportion to or following something (e.g., 年をとるにしたがって 'as one gets older'). 小説家にしたがって有名になった is ungrammatical — you cannot 'follow' a noun like 小説家 with this pattern.
• 4「と比べて」means 'compared to.' 小説家と比べて有名になった would mean 'became famous compared to a novelist,' which makes no sense in context. There is no comparison being made.

• 小説家しょうせつか — novelist
• 有名ゆうめい — famous
• 普段ふだん — usually, normally
• として — as (a role/capacity)
• について — about, concerning
• にしたがって — as…, along with…, in proportion to
• と比べて（とくらべて） — compared to

「としたら」paired with もし forms a conditional meaning 'if one were to…; supposing one…'. The sentence reads: もし自分を色で表すとしたら、何色ですか — 'If you were to express yourself in color, what color would it be?' The もし…としたら pattern creates a hypothetical condition, which is exactly what the interview question is doing: asking the respondent to imagine a hypothetical scenario.

• 1「ことから」means 'from the fact that…; because…,' giving a reason or basis for a judgment (e.g., 窓が開いていることから、彼は外出したのだろう 'From the fact that the window is open, he probably went out'). There is no reasoning-from-evidence structure here; the sentence needs a hypothetical conditional.
• 2「いう点で」means 'in the point that…; in terms of…,' used to specify an aspect (e.g., 価格という点で 'in terms of price'). 自分を色で表すいう点で is grammatically broken and does not create the needed conditional meaning.
• 3「ように」means 'so that…; in order to…; like….' もし自分を色で表すように would mean 'so as to express yourself in color' or 'like expressing yourself in color,' which does not form a proper hypothetical question. It lacks the conditional 'if' nuance required by もし.

• 面接めんせつ — interview
• 表あらわす — to express, to represent
• としたら — if one were to…, supposing…
• ことから — from the fact that…, because…
• いう点で（いうてんで） — in the point that…, in terms of…
• ように — so that…, in order to…, like…
• イメージ（いめーじ） — image, impression

「どうしても」means 'no matter what; by all means; simply must.' It expresses an irresistible urge or necessity. The sentence reads: 寝る前にどうしてもヨーグルトが食べたくなって、夜中なのにコンビニに買いに行ってしまった — 'Before bed, I just couldn't help wanting to eat yogurt, so even though it was the middle of the night, I ended up going to the convenience store to buy some.' どうしても captures the strong, uncontrollable desire that drove the speaker to go out late at night.

• 1「どうか」means 'somehow; please (used in requests).' It is used for polite requests (どうかお願いします 'please') or in expressions of uncertainty (どうかしている 'something is wrong with me'). It does not modify a verb of desire like 食べたくなって to express an irresistible urge.
• 2「せっかく」means 'with much effort; taking the trouble; rarely.' It is used when appreciating or lamenting a special effort or opportunity (e.g., せっかく来たのに 'I took the trouble to come, but…'). せっかくヨーグルトが食べたくなって does not convey the intended 'I just had to have it' nuance and is semantically out of place.
• 4「きっと」means 'surely; definitely,' expressing strong conjecture (e.g., きっと来るよ 'he'll definitely come'). きっとヨーグルトが食べたくなって would mean 'I surely wanted to eat yogurt,' which is grammatically awkward and does not convey the irresistible, no-matter-what feeling that explains why the speaker went out in the middle of the night.

• 夜中よなか — middle of the night
• コンビニ（こんびに） — convenience store
• どうしても — no matter what, by all means, simply must
• どうか — somehow, please (in requests)
• せっかく — with much effort, taking the trouble
• きっと — surely, definitely

The correct order is 4→2→★(2)→3→1, forming: この鳥の研究をしている専門家でもなかなか見る機会がないそうだ ('I hear that even experts who study this bird rarely have the chance to see it'). The ★ position (third blank) is filled by option 2 「専門家でも」. The structure is: [研究をしている] modifies [専門家], then [でも] ('even'), then [なかなか] ('rarely/hardly'), then [見る機会がない] ('there is no opportunity to see'). This fits the context that the bird is very rare.

• 1「見る機会がない」goes in the fourth (last) blank, completing the phrase 'なかなか見る機会がない' (rarely have the chance to see).
• 3「なかなか」goes in the fourth position after 専門家でも, forming 'なかなか見る機会がない' (rarely have the opportunity to see).
• 4「研究をしている」goes in the first blank, modifying 専門家: '研究をしている専門家' (experts who conduct research).

• 珍めずらしい — rare, unusual
• 専門家せんもんか — expert, specialist
• なかなか — rarely, hardly (with negative)

The correct order is 3→1→★(4)→2, forming: 勉強以外にも、大学時代にしかできない経験をいろいろしてほしい ('Besides studying, I want her to have various experiences that can only be had during college years'). The ★ position (third blank) is filled by option 4 「大学時代」. The structure is: [勉強以外] + [にも] ('besides/in addition to studying'), then [大学時代] + [にしか] ('only during college years') + できない ('cannot be done') modifying 経験 ('experiences').

• 1「にも」goes in the second blank, attaching to 勉強以外 to form '勉強以外にも' (besides studying).
• 2「にしか」goes in the fourth (last) blank, attaching to 大学時代 to form '大学時代にしかできない' (can only be done during college).
• 3「勉強以外」goes in the first blank, starting the phrase '勉強以外にも' (besides studying).

• 経験けいけん — experience
• 〜にしか〜ない — only (when followed by a negative); cannot except at/in
• 〜以外（〜いがい） — besides, other than, apart from

The correct order is 4→3→★(2)→1, forming: どこにも出かけずに家で過ごすというのが私の好きな週末の過ごし方だ ('Staying home without going anywhere is my favorite way to spend the weekend'). The ★ position (third blank) is filled by option 2 「という」. The structure is: [どこにも出かけずに] ('without going anywhere') + [家で過ごす] ('spend at home') + [という] ('the fact that...') + [のが] (nominalizer + subject marker) + 私の好きな週末の過ごし方だ ('is my favorite way of spending the weekend'). The pattern 「〜というのが〜だ」means 'the fact that ~ is...'

• 1「のが」goes in the fourth (last) blank, completing the pattern '〜というのが〜だ' (the fact that ~ is...).
• 3「家で過ごす」goes in the second blank, forming 'どこにも出かけずに家で過ごす' (stay home without going anywhere).
• 4「どこにも出かけずに」goes in the first blank, meaning 'without going out anywhere'.

• 過ごし方（すごしかた） — way of spending (time)
• 〜ずに — without doing ~
• 〜というのが — the fact that ~ (is...)

The correct order is 2→3→★(1)→4, forming: 待って言われたから待っているんですけど、まだですか ('I was told to wait, so I've been waiting, but is it still not ready?'). The ★ position (third blank) is filled by option 1 「待っているんです」. The structure is: 待って[言われた] ('was told to wait') + [から] ('so/because') + [待っているんです] ('I have been waiting') + [けど] ('but') + まだですか ('is it still not ready?'). The speaker explains they were instructed to wait, have been waiting, and is now asking why it's taking so long.

• 2「言われた」goes in the first blank after 待って, forming '待って言われた' (was told to wait).
• 3「から」goes in the second blank, giving the reason: '言われたから' (because I was told).
• 4「けど」goes in the fourth (last) blank, introducing the contrast before 'まだですか' (but is it still not ready?).

• 案内あんない — guidance, showing to a seat/table
• 言いわれる — to be told, to be said (passive of 言う)
• しばらく — for a while, a short time

The correct order is 1→4→★(3)→2, forming: 歴史を勉強すればするほどもっと学びたいと思うようになって歴史学科への進学を決めた ('The more I studied history, the more I came to want to learn more, and I decided to enter the history department'). The ★ position (third blank) is filled by option 3 「と思うようになって」. The structure is: [勉強すればするほど] ('the more I study') + [もっと学びたい] ('want to learn more') + [と思うようになって] ('came to think that') + [歴史学科への] ('to the history department') + 進学を決めた ('decided to advance to'). The pattern 「〜ば〜ほど」means 'the more... the more...'

• 1「勉強すればするほど」goes in the first blank, establishing the pattern 'the more I study history, the more...'
• 2「歴史学科への」goes in the fourth (last) blank, modifying 進学: '歴史学科への進学' (advancing to the history department).
• 4「もっと学びたい」goes in the second blank, expressing the desire that grows: 'want to learn more'.

• 〜ば〜ほど — the more... the more...
• 進学しんがく — going on to higher education, entering a school/department
• と思うようになる（とおもうようになる） — to come to think that ~ (gradual change)