N3 Grammar · Test 8

The correct answer is 4 (のほかに). The sentence means 'In A Town's library, besides books (本のほかに), there are also magazines and CDs.' The structure 「Xのほかに、Yも…」means 'in addition to X, there is also Y.' The particle も (also) later in the sentence is a strong clue that an 'in addition to' expression is needed.

• 1によって means 'by means of / due to.' It does not express addition and does not pair with も.
• 2に比べて means 'compared to.' There is no comparison being made here.
• 3のことで is not a grammatical Japanese expression. のことで would not connect properly and has no meaning of 'besides.'

• のほかに — besides, in addition to
• によって — by means of, due to
• に比べて（にくらべて） — compared to

The correct answer is 2 (って). って is a colloquial spoken quotation/reference marker, equivalent to という. B is asking: 'You know that bookstore called Kimura Book?' → 「キムラ・ブック」って本屋、知ってる？ This is natural casual speech between friends.

• 1と is the formal quotation particle, but in this casual conversation, using と alone before a noun (本屋) does not work the way って does. という would be needed instead.
• 3だって means 'I heard that…' (hearsay) or 'even (N).' Neither meaning fits here — B is not reporting hearsay.
• 4なんか means 'things like ~ / ~ or something.' It would make the sentence mean 'You know, like, a Kimura Book bookstore?' which is unnatural for identifying a specific known store.

• って — colloquial quoting particle; = という (called/named)
• だって — I heard that… (hearsay); even (N)
• なんか — things like ~, ~ or something

The correct answer is 3 (せいで). The sentence means 'This morning, because the alarm clock didn't go off (鳴らなかったせいで), I overslept by a whole hour.' せいで expresses a negative cause or blame — 'because of (something bad),' leading to an undesirable result. Oversleeping is clearly a negative outcome.

• 1はずで means 'it should be the case that… / it is expected that…' It expresses expectation, not causation, and does not connect to a result like 寝坊してしまった.
• 2一方で means 'on the other hand / while.' It contrasts two situations, which does not fit this cause-and-result sentence.
• 4場合 means 'in the case of / when.' By itself it is incomplete (you would need 場合に or 場合は), and it does not express the causal 'because' relationship needed here.

• せいで — because of (a bad cause); due to (blame)
• はずで — it should be (the case); it is expected
• 一方いっぽうで — on the other hand; while
• 寝坊ねぼうする — to oversleep

The correct answer is 4 (行くんだったら). The wife, hearing the husband say he is going to the convenience store, responds: 'Oh, if you're going to the convenience store (行くんだったら), could you buy some milk?' ～んだったら is a colloquial conditional meaning 'if it's the case that…,' naturally used when responding to information just heard. It fits the conversational flow perfectly.

• 1行けば is the conditional ば-form of 行く, meaning 'if you go.' While grammatically possible, it sounds more like a general/hypothetical condition and is less natural than んだったら in this responsive conversational context.
• 2行っていたら is the たら-form of 行ている (to be going / to have gone), meaning 'if you are in the state of having gone.' This does not fit — the husband has not yet left.
• 3行くとすると means 'if we assume (you) go.' It is too heavy/formal for this casual exchange and implies a hypothetical assumption rather than a natural response to the husband's stated plan.

• 〜んだったら — if it's the case that… (colloquial conditional, based on known/heard info)
• 〜ば — if (conditional)
• 〜とすると — if we assume that…; supposing

The correct answer is 1 (習いはじめた). The sentence means 'My child started learning piano (ピアノを習いはじめた) from yesterday, but the piano school is far from home, so I'm worried about letting them go alone.' The key clue is 昨日から (from yesterday), which indicates a new beginning. 習いはじめた = 'started to learn,' matching perfectly.

• 2習いつづけた means 'continued learning.' This contradicts 昨日から (from yesterday), which indicates something just began, not something being continued.
• 3習わせたかった means 'wanted to make/let (someone) learn.' The subject is うちの子供 (my child), and the child is the one learning, not the parent wanting to make someone learn. The grammar does not fit the sentence structure.
• 4習わせてほしかった means 'wanted (someone) to let me make (someone) learn' — an overly complex and unnatural causative-passive desire form. It does not fit the context at all.

• 習ならいはじめる — to start learning
• 習ならいつづける — to continue learning
• 習ならわせる — to make/let (someone) learn (causative)

The correct order is 4→2→★→3: 実家にある冷蔵庫は30年も使っている(4)古いもので(★2)、いつ壊れてもおかしくない(1)のに(3)、親は「まだ買い替えない」と言っている。 'The fridge at my parents' house is so old, having been used for 30 years, that it wouldn't be strange if it broke at any time, yet my parents say they won't replace it.' Option 2 古いもので connects the clause '30年も使っている' to the description that follows, functioning as 'it's an old thing, so…' (cause/reason).

• 1いつ壊れてもおかしくない belongs after 古いもので, describing the consequence of the fridge being old. Placing it at ★ would break the flow: '30年も使っている いつ壊れてもおかしくない 古いもので のに' is ungrammatical.
• 3のに must come at the end of the subordinate clause, right before 親は…, to express 'even though.' It cannot occupy the ★ position.
• 4使っている must come right after 30年も to form '30年も使っている' (has been used for 30 years). Placing it at ★ would leave the opening '30年も' dangling.

• 実家じっか — one's parents' home
• 買い替える（かいかえる） — to replace (by buying a new one)
• 〜てもおかしくない — it wouldn't be strange if ~ happened
• 古ふるいもので — since it's old (used to state a reason)

The correct order is 3→4→★→1: あと半年で(3)終わる(4)予定だった(★2)駅ビルの建設工事が(1)遅れているそうだ。 'I hear the construction of the station building, which was planned to finish in another half year, is running behind schedule.' Option 2 予定だった modifies 駅ビルの建設工事が, forming the relative clause 'the construction that was scheduled to finish in six months.'

• 1駅ビルの建設工事が is the subject of 遅れているそうだ and must come immediately before it. Placing it at ★ would separate 予定だった from what it modifies.
• 3あと半年で must come at the beginning to modify 終わる ('finish in another half a year'). It cannot occupy ★.
• 4終わる must directly follow あと半年で to form 'あと半年で終わる' (finish in half a year). Placing it at ★ breaks this unit.

• 建設工事けんせつこうじ — construction work
• 遅おくれる — to be delayed, to fall behind
• 予定よていだった — was planned/scheduled to

The correct order is 2→4→★→1: プレゼントをするときは、贈る相手のことを(2)考えながら(4)どれにするか(★3)選ぶ(1)時間も楽しい。 'When giving a present, the time spent choosing which one to get while thinking about the recipient is also enjoyable.' Option 3 どれにするか ('which one to choose') connects with 選ぶ to form 'どれにするか選ぶ' (choose which one it will be), which modifies 時間.

• 1選ぶ must come right before 時間 to form the modifier '選ぶ時間' (the time of choosing). Placing it at ★ would break this connection.
• 2ことを must come right after 贈る相手の, forming '贈る相手のことを' (about the person you're giving to). It cannot occupy ★.
• 4考えながら must follow ことを to form '相手のことを考えながら' (while thinking about the recipient). Placing it at ★ would disrupt the flow.

• 贈おくる — to give (a gift)
• 相手あいて — the other party, recipient
• どれにするか — which one to choose/decide on

The correct order is 4→3→★→2: 基礎コースは、パソコンの基本的な使い方に(4)慣れるための(3)コースなので(★1)、初めて習う方に(2)ぴったりです。 'The basic course is a course for getting used to the fundamental operations of a computer, so it's perfect for first-time learners.' Option 1 コースなので provides the reason connecting the description of the course to the conclusion '初めて習う方にぴったりです.'

• 2初めて習う方に must come right before ぴったりです to form '初めて習う方にぴったりです' (perfect for first-time learners). Placing it at ★ would break this pairing.
• 3慣れるための must follow 基本的な使い方に to form '基本的な使い方に慣れるための' (for getting used to basic usage). It cannot occupy ★.
• 4基本的な使い方に must come right after パソコンの to form 'パソコンの基本的な使い方に' (to the basic usage of a computer). Placing it at ★ would leave 'パソコンの' dangling.

• 基礎きそ — basics, foundation
• 慣なれる — to get used to
• ぴったり — perfectly, exactly right

The correct order is 2→1→3→★: エアコンから出た(2)冷たい空気が(1)どうして(3)部屋の下の方に行くのは(★4)かというと、冷たい空気は暖かい空気より重いからだ。 'As for why the cold air that came out of the air conditioner goes to the lower part of the room, it's because cold air is heavier than warm air.' Option 4 部屋の下の方に行くのは, combined with かというと, forms the question 'why is it that ~ goes to the bottom of the room?' which is then answered by からだ.

• 1冷たい空気が must follow 出た to form '出た冷たい空気が' (the cold air that came out). Placing it at ★ would break this noun phrase.
• 2出た must come right after エアコンから to form 'エアコンから出た' (that came out of the air conditioner). It cannot occupy ★.
• 3どうして must come before the clause it questions. Placing it at ★ would separate it from the question structure 〜かというと.

• エアコン — air conditioner
• 重おもい — heavy
• 〜かというと — as for why ~ / if you ask why ~
• 暖あたたかい — warm