N3 Vocabulary · Test 50

努力 is read どりょく, meaning 'effort, endeavor.' The sentence means 'I think making an effort is important.' Option 3 is correct. 努(ど) + 力(りょく).

• 1どうりょく — inserts an extra う; the correct reading is どりょく, not どうりょく.
• 2とうりょく — wrong reading for 努; it is not read とう.
• 4とりょく — wrong reading for 努; it is not read と.

• 努力どりょく — effort, endeavor, hard work

過去 is read かこ and means 'the past.' The sentence それは過去のことです means 'That is a thing of the past.' Option 1 (かこ) is the correct reading.

• 2かこう is an incorrect reading; it might result from misapplying a long-vowel pattern, but 過 is read か here and 去 is simply こ, not こう.
• 3かきょ is wrong; it misreads 去 as きょ. This could be confused with readings like 漁 (きょ), but 去 is こ in this word.
• 4かきょう is wrong; it adds an unnecessary long vowel and misreads 去 as きょう, which does not occur in this word.

• 過去かこ — the past

動作 is read どうさ and means 'movement' or 'action' (physical motion/behavior). The sentence 彼は話し方も動作もゆっくりしている means 'Both his way of speaking and his movements are slow.' Option 3 (どうさ) is the correct reading.

• 1とうさ is wrong; it uses the unvoiced reading とう for 動. In this compound, 動 is voiced to どう due to rendaku (連濁).
• 2とうさく is wrong; it both fails to apply rendaku (とう instead of どう) and adds an extra く that does not belong.
• 4どうさく is wrong; it correctly voices 動 to どう but adds an extra く at the end. 作 (さく) is not part of this word.

• 動作どうさ — movement, action (physical motion or behavior)

伝言（でんごん）means 'message' (a verbal or written message passed to someone). The sentence 机の上に伝言のメモがあった means 'There was a message memo on the desk.' 伝（でん, 'convey/relay') + 言（ごん, 'word/speech') together mean 'a relayed message.'

• 1伝記（でんき）means 'biography.' While 伝 is correct, 記（き, 'record/chronicle') changes both the reading and meaning — でんき, not でんごん.
• 3転記（てんき）means 'transcription/transfer (of records).' It reads てんき, not でんごん, and refers to copying data, not a message.
• 4転記 — This is identical to option 3 (duplicate). See the issues section.

• 伝言でんごん — message (relayed to someone)
• 伝記でんき — biography
• 転記てんき — transcription, transferring (records)