N3 Vocabulary · Test 51

材料（ざいりょう）means 'ingredients / materials.' The sentence says the cake at a friend's house was delicious, so I asked them to teach me the recipe along with the ingredients. 材料と作り方 (the ingredients and the method) is a natural pairing.

• 1資源（しげん）means 'resources' (e.g., natural resources like oil or minerals). This is not used for cooking ingredients.
• 3部品（ぶひん）means 'parts / components' (e.g., machine parts). This is not used for food.
• 4原因（げんいん）means 'cause / reason.' This doesn't fit the context of asking for a recipe.

• 材料ざいりょう — ingredients, materials
• 資源しげん — resources (natural resources)
• 部品ぶひん — parts, components
• 原因げんいん — cause, reason

「愛用者（あいようしゃ）」means 'regular user / frequent user.' The sentence means 'I conducted a survey of the frequent users of this sofa.' The suffix 者（しゃ）means 'person who does ~,' so 愛用者 = a person who regularly uses a product. This fits the context of conducting a survey about a product.

• 1「生（せい）」means 'student' (e.g., 学生, 児童生). 「愛用生」is not a real word, and a survey about a sofa would not target only students.
• 2「人（にん/じん）」can form nouns meaning 'person,' but 「愛用人」is not an established word. The correct suffix for 'person who ~' in this compound is 者.
• 4「員（いん）」means 'member' (e.g., 会員, 職員). 「愛用員」is not a real word; 員 implies belonging to an organization, which does not fit product users.

• 愛用者あいようしゃ — regular user, frequent user (of a product)
• アンケート（あんけーと） — survey, questionnaire
• 愛用あいよう — regular use, using habitually

「渋滞（じゅうたい）」means 'traffic jam / congestion.' The sentence means 'Because of construction, the road is congested and the cars can hardly move forward.' 渋滞する is used for roads and traffic being jammed, which perfectly matches the context of cars not being able to advance.

• 2「故障（こしょう）」means 'breakdown / malfunction' and is used for machines and devices (e.g., 車が故障する). Roads do not 'break down,' so this does not fit.
• 3「増加（ぞうか）」means 'increase.' Roads themselves do not 'increase'; you would say 交通量が増加する (traffic volume increases), not 道路が増加する.
• 4「集合（しゅうごう）」means 'gather / assemble' and is used for people or things gathering. Roads do not 'assemble,' so this is contextually wrong.

• 渋滞じゅうたい — traffic jam, congestion
• 工事こうじ — construction work
• なかなか — with difficulty, not easily (with negative)

「効果（こうか）」means 'effect / efficacy.' The sentence means 'The medicine took effect and I feel a bit better.' The phrase くすりの効果が出る (the effect of the medicine appears) is a common collocation, and it logically connects to feeling better (具合がよくなる).

• 1「成績（せいせき）」means 'grades / academic results.' Medicine does not produce 'grades,' so this is nonsensical in context.
• 3「応援（おうえん）」means 'cheering / support.' Medicine does not 'cheer,' so this does not fit.
• 4「価値（かち）」means 'value.' While medicine has value, 「価値が出て」does not collocate naturally, and it does not directly explain feeling better.

• 効果こうか — effect, efficacy
• 具合ぐあい — condition, how one feels
• くすり — medicine

「ペラペラ」is an onomatopoeic word meaning 'fluent' (speaking a language smoothly). The sentence means 'He has only lived in Japan for one year, but his Japanese is fluent.' ペラペラだ is the standard expression for being fluent in a language, which fits the surprise conveyed by まだ一年しか…のに.

• 1「さらさら」means 'smooth and flowing,' typically used for hair (さらさらの髪) or a flowing writing style. It is not used for language fluency.
• 2「ばらばら」means 'scattered / in pieces / disorganized' (e.g., ばらばらにする = tear apart). It does not describe language ability.
• 3「ふらふら」means 'dizzy / unsteady / wandering aimlessly' (e.g., ふらふら歩く). It describes physical unsteadiness, not language skill.

• ペラペラ（ぺらぺら） — fluent (in speaking a language)
• さらさら — smooth, flowing (hair, etc.)
• ばらばら — scattered, in pieces
• ふらふら — dizzy, unsteady, wandering

普通 (ふつう) means 'usual/normal/ordinary.' 普 is read ふつ and 通 is read う, together ふつう. Option 4 is correct.

• 1ふうだん is not a valid reading; it may be confused with 風潮 (ふうちょう) or similar words.
• 2ふうつう misreads 普 as ふう instead of ふつ.
• 3ふたん is not a valid reading of 普通; it may be confused with 負担 (ふたん, burden).

• 普通ふつう — usual, normal, ordinary

The correct reading of 疑って is うたがって (te-form of 疑う, 'to doubt/suspect'). The sentence means 'I think one should not doubt others without a reason.'

• 1ことわって is the te-form of 断る (ことわる), meaning 'to refuse/decline' or 'to inform in advance'. It does not match 疑って.
• 3きらって is the te-form of 嫌う (きらう), meaning 'to dislike/hate'. It does not match 疑って.
• 4おこって is the te-form of 怒る (おこる), meaning 'to get angry'. It does not match 疑って.

• 疑うたがって — doubting, suspecting (te-form of 疑う)
• 理由りゆう — reason
• 断ことわって — refusing, declining (te-form of 断る)
• 嫌きらって — disliking (te-form of 嫌う)
• 怒おこって — getting angry (te-form of 怒る)

The correct reading of 留守 is るす, meaning 'absence from home' or 'being away'. The phrase 家を留守にする means 'to leave one's house empty/unattended (while away)'. The sentence means 'Next week I will be away from home on a trip.'

• 2るしゅ is an incorrect reading; 留守 is not read with a small ゅ.
• 3りゅうす is an incorrect reading; the first kanji 留 is read る here, not りゅう.
• 4りゅうしゅ is an incorrect reading; neither kanji uses the long vowel + small ゅ pattern here.

• 留守るす — absence from home; being away; looking after a house
• 留守るすにする — to leave one's house empty/unattended
• 旅行りょこう — trip, travel