N3 Vocabulary · Test 60

登場（とうじょう）する means 'to appear (in a story, play, film, etc.).' The sentence says 'The people who appear in this novel all have big dreams.' 登場する人たち (people who appear) is the standard expression for characters in a work of fiction.

• 1滞在（たいざい）する means 'to stay' (in a place, e.g., a country or hotel). Characters in a novel do not 'stay' in it; they appear in it.
• 3発生（はっせい）する means 'to occur' or 'to arise,' used for events, accidents, or phenomena. People do not 'occur' in a novel.
• 4同席（どうせき）する means 'to be present (at the same seat/event)' or 'to sit together,' used for real-life gatherings. It is not used for characters appearing in a story.

• 登場とうじょう — appearance (in a story/play); する: to appear
• 滞在たいざい — stay (in a place); する: to stay
• 発生はっせい — occurrence; する: to occur
• 同席どうせき — sitting together, being present; する: to be present
• 小説しょうせつ — novel
• 夢ゆめ — dream

ずいぶん (随分) means 'considerably' or 'quite.' The sentence says 'After taking medicine and resting, I got considerably better, so it seems I can go to work tomorrow.' ずいぶん modifies 良くなった to express a significant degree of improvement, which fits the context perfectly.

• 1かならず (必ず) means 'always' or 'without fail.' It expresses certainty that something will happen, not degree. Saying 'I always got better' doesn't fit the context of recovering after one specific instance of resting.
• 2なるべく means 'as much as possible.' It expresses intention/effort. You wouldn't say 'I got better as much as possible' — recovery isn't something you control in that way here.
• 4いつでも means 'anytime.' It doesn't modify 良くなった naturally. 'I got better anytime' makes no sense in this context.

• ずいぶん — considerably, quite, very much
• かならず — always, without fail
• なるべく — as much as possible
• いつでも — anytime

落ち着いて (おちついて) is the te-form of 落ち着く, meaning 'calmly' or 'composed.' The sentence says 'Yamaguchi is someone who can act calmly without panicking, no matter the situation.' 落ち着いて contrasts perfectly with 慌てないで (not panicking), describing steady, composed behavior.

• 1間に合って (まにあって) is the te-form of 間に合う, meaning 'to be in time' or 'to make it.' 'Acting in time' doesn't describe a personality trait of calm behavior.
• 2引受けて (ひきうけて) is the te-form of 引き受ける, meaning 'to take on' or 'to accept (a responsibility).' While you can 引受ける a task, it doesn't describe how someone acts (行動できる).
• 3気になって (きになって) is the te-form of 気になる, meaning 'to be worried/anxious about' or 'to be on one's mind.' This is the opposite of calm — it implies unease, which contradicts 慌てないで.

• 落ち着く（おちつく） — to calm down, to be composed, to settle down
• 慌あわてる — to panic, to be flustered
• 間に合う（まにあう） — to be in time, to make it
• 引き受ける（ひきうける） — to take on, to accept (a responsibility)
• 気きになる — to be worried about, to be on one's mind

申請 (しんせい) means 'application' in an official/administrative sense. The sentence says 'I went to the counter with the necessary documents to apply for a passport.' Passports are official documents issued by government offices, so 申請する is the correct term. 窓口 (counter/window at an office) also strongly signals an official 申請 context.

• 1応募 (おうぼ) means 'to apply/enter' for things like contests, job postings, or recruitment. You don't 応募 for a passport — it's not a competitive or selective process.
• 3注文 (ちゅうもん) means 'to order' goods or food. A passport is not something you order from a shop.
• 4期待 (きたい) means 'expectation' or 'hope.' 期待する means 'to expect/look forward to,' which doesn't fit the action of submitting documents at a counter.

• 申請しんせい — application (official, administrative)
• 応募おうぼ — application/entry (for contests, jobs, recruitment)
• 注文ちゅうもん — order (for goods/food)
• 期待きたい — expectation, hope
• 窓口まどぐち — counter, service window (at an office)

しみ (染み/シミ) means 'stain' or 'spot.' The sentence says 'Coffee got on my clothes and became a stain, and even after washing many times it won't come clean.' Coffee leaving a しみ (stain) that resists washing is a perfect fit.

• 2傷 (きず) means 'scratch,' 'wound,' or 'flaw.' Coffee on clothes doesn't create a 傷 — that refers to physical damage to a surface or skin.
• 3かび (黴) means 'mold' or 'mildew.' Coffee doesn't cause mold; mold grows from dampness over time, not from a spill.
• 4泡 (あわ) means 'bubbles' or 'foam.' Coffee might briefly form bubbles, but that wouldn't persist after washing and isn't something you'd struggle to remove.

• しみ — stain, spot (on clothing/fabric)
• 傷きず — scratch, wound, flaw
• かび — mold, mildew
• 泡あわ — bubbles, foam

独立 (どくりつ) means 'independence.' The sentence means 'That country became independent 20 years ago.' The correct reading is どくりつ, option 1.

• 2とくりつ is incorrect; the kanji 独 is read どく (with dakuten), not とく.
• 3どくれつ is incorrect; the kanji 立 is read りつ, not れつ.
• 4とくれつ is incorrect on both characters; neither reading is correct for this compound.

• 独立どくりつ — independence

The correct reading of 折れて is おれて. The verb 折れる (おれる) means 'to break' (especially for long, thin, or rigid things like sticks, bones, or pencils). The sentence means 'When I dropped it, it ended up breaking.'

• 1われて is the reading for 割れて (to break/crack, for things like glass, eggs, or plates that split into pieces). It does not match the kanji 折れて.
• 3ぬれて is the reading for 濡れて (to get wet). It does not match the kanji 折れて.
• 4こわれて is the reading for 壊れて (to break down/be broken, for machines, toys, or general objects). It does not match the kanji 折れて.

• 折おれる — to break (long/thin objects like sticks or bones); to fold
• 割われる — to break, to crack, to split (glass, plates, eggs)
• 濡ぬれる — to get wet
• 壊こわれる — to break, to break down (machines, objects)

The correct reading of 努力 is どりょく. 努力 means 'effort' or 'endeavor'. The sentence means 'In order to reduce garbage, the effort of each individual is important.'

• 2とりょく is an incorrect reading for 努力. The kanji 努 is read with the dakuten (voiced sound) ど, not と, due to rendaku (sequential voicing) in this compound.
• 3きょうりょく is the reading for 協力 (cooperation). It is a plausible distractor because it shares the second kanji 力, but it does not match 努力.
• 4ぎょうりょく is not a standard reading for 努力. It is a fabricated distractor using a wrong initial sound.

• 努力どりょく — effort, endeavor
• 協力きょうりょく — cooperation, assistance
• 減へらす — to reduce, to decrease