N4 Grammar · Test 46

Option 3 「ふねにのります」(I will ride a boat) is a typical activity one does at a lake when the weather is good. In many 3-kyuu reading passages, boat rides on a lake are conditional on good weather, making this the most likely answer.

• 1「花や鳥をみます」(I will look at flowers and birds) is likely something the person plans to do regardless of weather (as suggested by Q1), not specifically conditional on good weather.
• 2「みずうみでおよぎます」(I will swim in the lake) is plausible but swimming in a lake is less commonly featured in JLPT reading passages than boat rides.
• 4「魚をつります」(I will catch fish) is plausible as a lake activity but is a distractor; fishing is less likely to be strictly weather-dependent in these passages.

• ふね — boat
• のります — to ride, to board
• およぎます — to swim
• つります — to fish, to catch fish

Option 2 「行くかもしれません」(I might go) is the most typical answer in a 3-kyuu reading passage where visiting an art museum is conditional on another factor (such as weather or time). The use of 〜かもしれません (might) reflects uncertainty that depends on circumstances described in the passage.

• 1「行かないつもりです」(I don't intend to go) uses 〜つもり which expresses a firm intention not to go; this would be too definitive if the passage only says it depends on conditions.
• 3「行きません」(I won't go) is a definitive statement that doesn't match the typical conditional/uncertain tone of these passages.
• 4「行きたくないです」(I don't want to go) expresses personal desire rather than a circumstantial decision, which doesn't fit the typical reading passage pattern.

• びじゅつかん — art museum
• つもり — intention, plan to
• かもしれません — might, perhaps

くれました (kuremashita) is the past polite form of くれる, which is used when someone ELSE gives something TO the speaker (or the speaker's in-group). Here, 木田さん is the subject giving a book to 私 (me), so くれました is correct: 'Kida-san gave me a book.'

• 1あげました (agemashita) is from あげる, used when the speaker gives to someone else, or when a third party gives to another third party. It is NOT used when the receiver is the speaker, so it doesn't fit 'Kida-san gave me.'
• 3もらいました (moraimashita) is from もらう, meaning 'to receive.' With もらう, the receiver (私) should be the subject: 私は木田さんに本をもらいました. Here the subject is 木田さん, so this is wrong.
• 4やりました (yarimashita) is from やる, a casual/lower-register equivalent of あげる. Like あげる, it is used when giving to others, not when receiving. It also carries a condescending nuance toward the receiver.

• くれる — someone gives something to the speaker
• あげる — to give (to someone else)
• もらう — to receive (subject = receiver)
• やる — to give (casual, can be condescending)

Option 4 「出して」 is correct. The pattern being tested is V-て + くる (来る), which indicates an action performed away from the current location with the intention of returning. 出して + きます means 'I'll go mail (a letter) and come back.' The て-form connects the verb to the auxiliary くる. The full sentence means: 'I'll go mail a letter real quick (and come back).'

• 1「出て」 is the て-form of 出る (でる, 'to exit/go out'), a different verb from 出す (だす, 'to mail/send'). While 出てきます is grammatically possible, it means 'go out and come back,' not 'mail a letter and come back.' The object 手紙を requires 出す.
• 2「出に」 uses the に particle attached to the stem. There is no grammatical pattern V-stem + に + くる that means 'go do ~ and come back' in this context. (V-ます stem + に行く means 'go in order to do ~,' but here we need て-form.)
• 3「出すと」 uses the conditional と. V-と + くる is not a valid pattern for expressing 'go do something and come back.'

• 出だす — to send / to mail (a letter)
• 〜てくる — to go do ~ and come back; indicates an action done away from here with intention to return
• 手紙てがみ — letter

Option 1 (よもう) is correct. The pattern 〜（よ）うと思っています means 'I am thinking of doing ~.' The volitional form of 読む (よむ, 'to read') is 読もう (よもう). So 読もうと思っています means 'I am thinking of reading this book tonight.'

• 2よむよう is not a valid volitional form. よむよう would be part of 〜ように patterns, not 〜うと思う.
• 3よむろう is not a grammatical form of 読む at all.
• 4よみよう is not a grammatical form. The volitional of a godan verb like 読む is formed by changing the final う-sound to an おう-sound (よもう), not by adding よう to the ます-stem.

• 読よむ — to read
• 〜（よ）うと思う（〜（よ）うとおもう） — to be thinking of doing ~ (volitional + と思う)

Option 4 (しずかな) is correct. The pattern 〜のに means 'even though / although,' showing contrast with expectation. For a na-adjective before のに, you must use the な form: しずかなのに ('even though (the room) is quiet'). The sentence means 'The room is very quiet, yet I can't sleep.'

• 1しずか is the bare stem of the na-adjective 静か. Before のに, a na-adjective requires な, so しずか alone is ungrammatical here.
• 2しずかで is the て-form connective for na-adjectives. It would link two adjectives/clauses (しずかで〜), not express 'even though.' It does not pair with のに.
• 3しずかだ is the plain copula form. だ cannot directly precede のに; the correct form is な before のに.

• 静しずか — quiet (na-adjective)
• 〜のに — even though, although (conjunction expressing contrast with expectation)

Option 2 (いい) is correct. Here そうです is the hearsay pattern ('I heard that ~'), introduced by 友だちの話では ('according to my friend'). For hearsay, you attach そうです to the plain form of the adjective. いい is the plain form of いい (よい, 'good'), so いいそうです means 'I hear it's good.'

• 1よく is the adverbial form of いい. Adverbs cannot directly precede そうです in this pattern; you need the adjective form.
• 3いいだ is ungrammatical before そうです. For hearsay そうです, you use the plain form (いい) without だ. (だそうです is used with nouns, not with いい.)
• 4よくて is the て-form of いい. The て-form is for connecting clauses, not for the hearsay そうです pattern.

• いい／よい — good (i-adjective)
• 〜そうです（伝聞）（〜そうです（でんぶん）） — I hear that ~ / it is said that ~ (hearsay; attaches to plain form)

Option 2 (さびしかったら) is correct. The pattern 〜たら means 'if/when ~.' For an i-adjective like さびしい (さびしい, 'lonely'), the たら conditional is formed by dropping い and adding かったら: さびしかったら ('if (you) feel lonely'). So さびしかったら電話をください means 'If you feel lonely, please call me.'

• 1さびしだったら is wrong. さびし- is not a valid stem for forming the たら conditional of an i-adjective. The correct form is さびしかったら.
• 3さびしいかったら is ungrammatical. You cannot simply append かったら to the full adjective form; you must drop い first (さびしい → さびしかったら).
• 4さびしいだったら is ungrammatical. だったら is the conditional of the copula だ (used with nouns/na-adjectives), not with i-adjectives. i-Adjectives use かったら.

• 寂さびしい — lonely, sad (i-adjective)
• 〜たら — if / when ~ (conditional; for i-adjectives: drop い + かったら)