N4 Vocabulary · Test 37

いたす (致す) is the humble form (けんごご, 謙譲語) of する (to do). It is used when the speaker humbly does an action that relates to a superior. Option 2 — 'I will make the flight reservation' — is a correct humble usage: the speaker humbly offers to do the booking for someone of higher status.

• 1日本へ いたします is ungrammatical — you cannot use する/いたす with へ to mean 'go.' The humble form of 行く (いく) is 参る (まいる).
• 3いたす is a humble form used for one's OWN actions toward a superior. You cannot use it to describe a superior's (先生's) action. For the teacher's action you would use the respectful form なさる (なさいますか).
• 4いたして ください is contradictory: いたす is humble (describing your own action), but 〜てください requests someone ELSE to do the action. You cannot use humble language for someone else's action. The plain form してください would be appropriate here.

• 致いたす — humble form of する (to do) — 謙譲語
• 参まいる — humble form of 行く/来る (to go/to come)
• なさる — respectful form of する (to do) — 尊敬語

そうだん (相談) means 'to consult someone / seek advice from someone about a problem or decision.' Option 1 — 'I consulted the teacher about how to study' — is a perfect usage: seeking advice from a person (先生) about a matter (べんきょうの しかた).

• 2You do not 相談 with a dictionary (じしょ). You look something up in a dictionary — the appropriate verb would be しらべる (調べる, to look up) or ひく (引く, as in じしょを ひく). 相談 requires a person who can give advice.
• 3Asking a station attendant (えきいん) what time the next train is, is a factual inquiry, not seeking advice. The appropriate verb would be きく (聞く, to ask) or たずねる (尋ねる, to inquire). 相談 implies discussing a problem and seeking guidance, not asking for factual information.
• 4Talking to a friend about a favorite movie is casual conversation, not 相談. 相談 involves seeking advice or discussing a problem/decision, not just talking about something you like.

• 相談そうだんする — to consult someone, to seek advice
• 調しらべる — to look up, to investigate
• 尋たずねる — to inquire, to ask

さびしい (寂しい) means 'lonely, feeling sad from being alone.' Option 3 — 'I live alone, so sometimes I become lonely' — is the correct usage: living alone (ひとりで すんでいる) naturally leads to feeling さびしい.

• 1Oversleeping (ねぼう) might make you feel regretful or troubled, but not さびしい (lonely). The appropriate word would be かなしい (悲しい, sad) or こまった (困った, in trouble).
• 2Wearing a sweater because it's さびしい makes no sense. The correct word here is さむい (寒い, cold) — you wear a sweater because it's cold, not because you're lonely.
• 4A room that hasn't been cleaned is dirty, not lonely. The appropriate word would be きたない (汚い, dirty).

• 寂さびしい — lonely, lonesome
• 寒さむい — cold (weather/temperature)
• 汚きたない — dirty
• 悲かなしい — sad

てきとう (適当) as an adjective means 'suitable, appropriate, fit for a purpose.' Option 4 — 'Is there a suitable book for researching about Japan?' — uses てきとうな correctly as a modifier for 本 (ほん, book), meaning a book that is appropriate for the stated purpose.

• 1てきとうで よく ねむれます ('suitable and I can sleep well') is incomplete — 適当 requires a context of what something is suitable FOR. Without specifying what the season is suitable for, the sentence is unnatural. The intended word might be ていど (適度, moderate) as in 適度な運動 (moderate exercise), but that still doesn't fit sleeping well.
• 2Saying war (せんそう) is 'not 適当 for people's lives' is semantically odd. 適当 describes whether something fits a purpose or requirement; war is simply bad/harmful for people's lives, not 'inappropriate' in the 適当 sense. A more natural expression would be よくない (bad) or ひつようでは ない (not necessary).
• 3てきとうする as a verb means 'to act appropriately / to handle something properly,' not 'to be suitable for.' To modify ホテル (hotel) meaning 'a hotel suitable for young people,' you must use the adjective form 適当な, not the verb 適当する. So 若い人に 適当な ホテル would be correct, but 適当する ホテル is wrong.

• 適当てきとう — suitable, appropriate, fit for a purpose
• 適当てきとうな — suitable (adjective form modifying a noun)
• 戦争せんそう — war

社長の かわりに (しゃちょうの かわりに) means 'instead of the president.' 田中さん attended the party in place of the president, which means the president himself did NOT attend. Option 2 correctly states this.

• 1If the president attended, there would be no need for someone to go かわりに (in his place).
• 3かわりに implies substitution — only one of the two attended, not both.
• 4If neither attended, the sentence would not say 田中さんが でました (Tanaka-san attended).

• 〜の代わりに（〜の かわりに） — instead of ~, on behalf of ~
• 社長しゃちょう — company president

しつれいな (失礼な) means 'rude' or 'impolite.' The sentence says 'Today a guest is coming. Please be careful not to do rude things.' This fits the context perfectly — when a guest comes, you should avoid being rude.

• 2しんせつな (親切な) means 'kind.' 'Don't do kind things' makes no sense when a guest is coming; you would want to be kind, not avoid it.
• 3しんぱいな (心配な) means 'worrisome/anxious.' While it is a な-adjective, saying 'don't do worrisome things' is less natural here than 'don't do rude things,' and 心配な is typically used to describe a state of worry rather than an action (ことをする).
• 4ていねいな (丁寧な) means 'polite/careful.' 'Don't do polite things' is the opposite of what you would want when a guest comes, so it does not fit the context.

• 失礼しつれいな — rude, impolite
• 親切しんせつな — kind, helpful
• 心配しんぱいな — worrisome, anxious
• 丁寧ていねいな — polite, careful
• 気きをつける — to be careful, to pay attention

The correct answer is 4. または (matawa), meaning 'or.' The sentence reads: かいぎの 時間は、はがき または 電話で おしらせします — 'We will notify you of the meeting time by postcard OR by phone.' または connects two alternative methods (postcard / phone), which is exactly what the context requires.

• 1けれど (keredo) means 'but / however.' It would connect two contrasting clauses, but here the two items (はがき and 電話) are alternatives, not contrasts.
• 2すると (suruto) means 'then / if you do so,' indicating sequential or conditional connection. It does not link two nouns as alternatives.
• 3それで (sorede) means 'therefore / and then,' showing cause-result or continuation. It cannot link two nouns as alternatives.

• または — or (used to connect alternatives, mainly in writing)
• はがき — postcard
• おしらせします — will notify / will inform (from お知らせする)

The correct answer is 3. せいこう (成功, せいこう), meaning 'success.' The sentence should read: たいていは おいしく せいこう できますが、たまに しっぱい します — 'Usually I can successfully cook delicious food, but sometimes I fail.' せいこう できます means 'can succeed,' and the contrast with 'sometimes I fail' (しっぱいします) confirms this choice.

• 1けいかく (計画, けいかく) means 'plan.' 'おいしく けいかく できます' does not make sense — you don't 'plan deliciously.'
• 2しっぱい (失敗, しっぱい) means 'failure.' Putting it in the blank gives 'おいしく しっぱい できます' — 'can fail deliciously' — which is nonsensical. Note that しっぱい belongs in the second clause (たまに しっぱい します), not in the blank.
• 4せいさん (生産, せいさん) means 'production / manufacturing.' 'おいしく せいさん できます' — 'can produce deliciously' — does not fit the context of cooking as a hobby.

• 成功せいこう — success; せいこうできる = can succeed
• 失敗しっぱい — failure; しっぱいする = to fail
• 計画けいかく — plan
• 生産せいさん — production

The correct answer is 4. やくにたちます (役に立ちます, やくにたちます), meaning 'to be useful / to be helpful.' The sentence reads: この じしょは、かんじを しらべる ときに とても やくにたちます — 'This dictionary is very useful when looking up kanji.' やくにたつ is the standard expression for describing a tool or object being useful/helpful.

• 1おしえます (教えます, おしえます) means 'to teach.' A dictionary does not 'teach' you; it is a reference tool. The subject-verb relationship is unnatural.
• 2さがします (探します, さがします) means 'to search for / to look for.' The dictionary is not 'searching' — the person is searching. The subject is the dictionary, so this verb does not fit.
• 3てつだいます (手伝います, てつだいます) means 'to help / to assist (someone).' While tempting, てつだう implies a person actively assisting another person with a task. An inanimate object like a dictionary is described as やくにたつ (useful), not as てつだう (helping).

• 役に立つ（やくにたつ） — to be useful; to be of help (used for objects, tools, information, etc.)
• 手伝てつだう — to help / to assist (a person with a task)
• 教おしえる — to teach / to tell
• 探さがす — to search for / to look for

The correct answer is 3. いじょう (以上, いじょう), meaning 'or more / above (and including).' The sentence reads: この テストは 70てん いじょう とると そつぎょうできます — 'If you score 70 points or more on this test, you can graduate.' A passing threshold requires a minimum score, so '70 or above' is the logical condition.

• 1いか (以下, いか) means 'or less / below (and including).' Scoring 70 or below would be a failing condition, not a graduation requirement.
• 2いがい (以外, いがい) means 'other than / except.' '70点以外とる' (score anything other than 70) is grammatically awkward and logically nonsensical as a graduation criterion.
• 4いない (以内, いない) means 'within (a limit).' It is used with time or quantity ranges (e.g., 3日以内), not with the verb とる (to score points). '70点以内とる' is unnatural.

• 以上いじょう — or more; above (and including the stated number)
• 以下いか — or less; below (and including the stated number)
• 以外いがい — other than; except
• 以内いない — within (a time/space/quantity limit)
• 卒業そつぎょうする — to graduate