N4 Vocabulary · Test 96

うける (受ける) means 'to take (a test/exam).' テストをうける is the standard collocation. The sentence 'だれでもテストをうけるのはすきではありません' = 'Nobody likes taking a test.' The pattern 〜のはすきではありません means 'don't like doing ~.'

• 1とる (取る) means 'to take' in a general sense (e.g., メモをとる take notes, 休みをとる take a day off). While テストをとる is sometimes heard, テストをうける is the standard and more natural collocation tested at this level.
• 2もつ (持つ) means 'to hold/carry/possess.' テストをもつ makes no sense in this context.
• 4ひろう (拾う) means 'to pick up (from the ground).' テストをひろう is nonsensical here.

• 受うける — to take (a test/exam)
• 取とる — to take (notes, a day off, etc.)
• 持もつ — to hold, possess
• 拾ひろう — to pick up

ぬいで (脱いで, from 脱ぐ) means 'to take off (clothes).' The sentence 'あつかったら、どうぞうわぎをぬいでください' = 'If you're hot, please take off your jacket.' 脱ぐ is the standard verb for removing clothing.

• 1はずして (外して, from 外す) means 'to remove/detach (a part, accessory, etc.).' You might はずす a button or a cap, but for removing a whole garment like うわぎ (jacket), 脱ぐ is the correct verb.
• 2むいて (剥いて, from 剥く) means 'to peel (skin, wrapping, etc.).' You peel fruit or stickers, not a jacket.
• 3すてて (捨てて, from 捨てる) means 'to throw away/discard.' This would mean 'please throw away your jacket,' which is clearly wrong in context.

• 脱ぬぐ — to take off (clothes)
• 外はずす — to remove, detach
• 剥むく — to peel
• 捨すてる — to throw away

The sentence means 'The students are learning Japanese from Yamada-sensei in the classroom.' The verb ならう (to learn from someone) takes the particle に to mark the person one learns from (やまだせんせいに), which fits perfectly here: せんせいに～を ならって います.

• 2つくって (作って) means 'making' (e.g., making something). Students do not 'make' Japanese from the teacher.
• 3おぼえて (覚えて) means 'memorizing.' While students might memorize things, this verb does not take に to mark a teacher, and 'memorizing Japanese from the teacher' is not the natural collocation here.
• 4べんきょうして (勉強して) means 'studying.' One can say にほんごを べんきょうします, but べんきょうする does not take に to mark the teacher you learn from. The pattern 〇〇に～をならう specifically means 'to learn ~ from 〇〇,' so ならって is the correct choice.

• ならう（習う） — to learn (from someone); to take lessons — takes に for the teacher/source
• つくる（作る） — to make, to build
• おぼえる（覚える） — to memorize, to remember
• べんきょうする（勉強する） — to study

The sentence means 'I had Yamada-san carry my luggage (and I received that favor).' The structure ～てもらう means the speaker receives a favor done by someone else. Here, やまださんに (from Yamada-san) にもつを もって もらいました (I received the favor of having my luggage carried). The subject who benefits is わたし (me), and the one who performs the action is やまださん.

• 1あげました (上げました) means 'I did (the favor) for Yamada-san.' If the speaker gave the favor, the sentence would mean 'I carried Yamada-san's luggage for him,' but the particle structure (やまださんに) marks Yamada as the giver, not the receiver.
• 3くれました (呉れました) also means someone did a favor for the speaker, but it requires the giver to be the grammatical subject (e.g., やまださんが～てくれました). Here わたし is the subject, so くれました does not fit.
• 4やりました is a casual/humble variant of あげる, meaning 'I did (the favor) for Yamada-san.' Like option 1, this has the direction of the favor reversed.

• ～てもらう — to receive a favor done by someone — the speaker (or someone on the speaker's side) is the beneficiary; the doer is marked with に
• ～てあげる — to do a favor for someone — the doer is the subject; the receiver is marked with に
• ～てくれる — someone does a favor for the speaker — the giver is the subject
• にもつ — luggage, baggage

The sentence means 'Don't rush; please do it slowly.' いそがないで (don't hurry) is followed by the contrasting adverb ゆっくり (slowly, without rushing), which directly contrasts with hurrying. ゆっくりやってください is a natural, common expression meaning 'please take your time and do it.'

• 1はっきり (clearly) means 'clearly, distinctly.' It does not contrast with いそぐ (to hurry) and does not naturally modify やる in this context.
• 2うっかり (carelessly) means 'carelessly, by mistake.' Telling someone not to hurry and then to do something carelessly makes no sense.
• 4すっかり (completely) means 'completely, entirely.' It does not contrast with hurrying and does not fit as an adverb modifying やる here.

• ゆっくり — slowly, leisurely, without rushing
• はっきり — clearly, distinctly
• うっかり — carelessly, inadvertently
• すっかり — completely, entirely
• いそぐ（急ぐ） — to hurry, to rush

The underlined sentence やまださんのおじょうさんはなんさいですか means 'How old is Yamada-san's daughter?' おじょうさん (お嬢さん) is a polite word for 'daughter (of someone else).' Option 2 replaces it with むすめさん (娘さん), which is also a polite word for 'daughter,' making it an exact paraphrase.

• 1むすこさん (息子さん) means 'son,' not 'daughter.'
• 3おにいさん (お兄さん) means 'older brother,' not 'daughter.'
• 4おねえさん (お姉さん) means 'older sister,' not 'daughter.'

• おじょうさん（お嬢さん） — polite: someone's daughter
• むすめさん（娘さん） — polite: someone's daughter
• むすこさん（息子さん） — polite: someone's son
• おにいさん（お兄さん） — polite: someone's older brother
• おねえさん（お姉さん） — polite: someone's older sister

The underlined sentence わたしはきのうコンサートにいきました means 'I went to a concert yesterday.' A コンサート (concert) is an event where you listen to music. Option 3, おんがくをききにいきました ('I went to listen to music'), is the correct paraphrase.

• 1がいこくのえいがをみにいきました means 'I went to see a foreign movie.' A movie is not a concert.
• 2かいものにいきました means 'I went shopping.' Shopping is not a concert.
• 4こうえんへえをかきにいきました means 'I went to the park to paint/draw pictures.' Painting is not a concert.

• コンサート — concert
• おんがく — music
• きく（聞く） — to listen
• えいが — movie, film
• かいもの（買い物） — shopping
• えをかく（絵を描く） — to draw/paint a picture

The underlined sentence わたしはきのうとこやへいきました means 'I went to the barber shop yesterday.' とこや (床屋) is a barber shop, where one gets one's hair cut. Option 1, かみをきってもらいにいきました ('I went to get my hair cut'), is the correct paraphrase.

• 2びょうきをなおしてもらいにいきました means 'I went to get an illness cured/treated.' That describes going to a doctor or hospital, not a barber shop.
• 3シャツやズボンをあらってもらいにいきました means 'I went to get shirts and trousers washed.' That describes going to a laundry/cleaner, not a barber shop.
• 4くるまのうんてんをおしえてもらいにいきました means 'I went to get driving lessons.' That describes going to a driving school, not a barber shop.

• とこや — barber shop
• かみをきる（髪を切る） — to cut (one's) hair
• びょうきをなおす（病気を治す） — to cure/treat an illness
• あらう（洗う） — to wash
• うんてん — driving
• おしえる（教える） — to teach

The underlined sentence is 「へやのでんきをつけました」(I turned on the light in the room). Turning on a light makes the room bright, so option 3 「へやをあかるくしました」(I made the room bright) is the correct paraphrase. あかるくしました is the causative-style formation from the i-adjective あかるい (bright).

• 1「あたたかくしました」means 'made (the room) warm.' Turning on a light does not make a room warm; this confuses light with heat.
• 2「すずしくしました」means 'made (the room) cool.' This is the opposite direction — unrelated to turning on a light.
• 4「くらくしました」means 'made (the room) dark.' This is the opposite of what turning on a light does.

• でんきをつける — to turn on the (electric) light
• あかるい — bright
• くらい — dark
• あたたかい — warm
• すずしい — cool, refreshing

The underlined word is 「だいじな」(大切な in meaning: important). The direct synonym is 「たいせつな」(大切な), so option 2 「これはたいせつなものです」(This is an important/precious thing) is correct. だいじ and たいせつ are near-synonyms both meaning 'important / precious'.

• 1「りっぱな」means 'splendid, fine, admirable.' It describes something impressive, not necessarily important.
• 3「じょうぶな」means 'sturdy, strong, durable.' This describes physical toughness, not importance.
• 4「ふるい」means 'old.' Age is unrelated to being important.

• だいじ(な) — important, precious
• たいせつ(な) — important, precious, valuable
• りっぱ(な) — splendid, fine
• じょうぶ(な) — sturdy, strong
• ふるい — old (thing)