N5 Grammar · Test 30

The sentence is さいふを なくして こまりました ('I lost my wallet and am in trouble / I'm troubled that I lost my wallet'). The pattern 〜てこまる means 'to be troubled/inconvenienced by ~'. The te-form of なくす (無くす, 'to lose') is なくして, so なくしてこまりました = 'I am troubled because I lost ~.' Option 4 is correct.

• 1なくします is the polite masu-form, which cannot directly connect to こまりました. The te-form なくして is required.
• 2なくした is the plain past tense. While 〜たことでこまる is possible in longer constructions, the direct pattern is 〜てこまる, so なくしたこまりました is grammatically incorrect.
• 3なくす is the dictionary form, which cannot directly connect to こまる in this pattern. The te-form なくして is required.

• 財布さいふ — wallet
• 無なくす — to lose (something)
• 〜てこまる — to be troubled by ~ (someone doing something / something happening)

The sentence is 来週 国へ かえる 人は いますか ('Is there anyone who is going back to their country next week?'). When a verb modifies a noun (relative clause), the plain/dictionary form is used directly before the noun: かえる人 = 'a person who returns.' Option 2 is correct.

• 1かえっての is ungrammatical. The te-form かえって cannot be followed by の to modify a noun in this way.
• 3かえるの adds an unnecessary の before 人. When a verb directly modifies a noun, no の is needed between the verb and the noun: かえる人, not かえるの人.
• 4かえって is the te-form, which cannot directly modify a noun. The te-form expresses sequence or means, not noun modification.

• 来週らいしゅう — next week
• 国くに — country; one's home country
• 帰かえる — to return; to go back

しずか is a na-adjective. To use a na-adjective adverbially (modifying a verb like する), you add に: しずかにする means 'to make quiet / to be quiet.' もう少ししずかにしてくださいませんか means 'Could you please be a little quieter?' Option 1 しずかに is correct.

• 2しずかだ is the plain present form of the na-adjective. It cannot modify する in this way.
• 3しずか is the stem form. Before する you need しずかに (adverbial form), not just the stem.
• 4しずかで is the te-form of the na-adjective, used for connecting clauses or listing reasons, not for adverbially modifying する.

• しずか（静か） — quiet (na-adjective)
• しずかにする（静かにする） — to make quiet; to be quiet
• もう少し — a little more

たいへん is a na-adjective meaning 'tough/difficult.' The past tense of a na-adjective is formed with 〜でした, so たいへんでした means 'it was tough.' The sentence is about 先週 (last week), so past tense is required. Option 3 is correct.

• 1たいへんしました treats たいへん as a verb, which it is not. たいへん is a na-adjective/noun, so this is grammatically wrong.
• 2たいへんです is the present tense. Since the sentence refers to 先週 (last week), past tense is needed.
• 4たいへんだったでした is a double-past form that is grammatically incorrect. You use either たいへんでした or たいへんだった, never both combined.

• たいへん — tough; difficult (na-adjective/noun)
• しゅくだい — homework
• 先週せんしゅう — last week

The pattern for 'became (い-adjective)' is the adjective stem (drop い) + くなる. いそがしい → いそがしく + なりました = 'became busy.' Option 2 いそがしく is correct.

• 1いそがしいに — You cannot attach に directly to the full い-adjective. The correct connector is the stem form いそがしく, not いそがしいに.
• 3いそがしい — Missing the conjugation needed before なりました. You need いそがしくなりました, not いそがしいなりました.
• 4いそがしくて — 〜て means 'and' (sequential/cause), not 'became.' いそがしくてなりました is ungrammatical.

• 仕事しごと — work, job
• 忙いそがしい — busy
• 〜くなる — to become (い-adjective stem + くなる)

The question asks 'How long did you sleep last night?' どのぐらい 寝ましたか is the natural way to ask about duration/amount of an action. ねました is the masu-form of ねる (to sleep).

• 1どんな means 'what kind of' and modifies nouns, not verbs; どんなねましたか is grammatically incorrect.
• 3いくつ means 'how many' and is used for counting discrete items or age, not for duration of sleep.
• 4どちら means 'which direction / which one' and is used for choosing between two options, not for asking about duration.

• ゆうべ — last night
• どのぐらい — how much / how long
• ねる — to sleep / to go to bed