N5 Grammar · Test 31

The correct answer is 1 (も). The pattern や〜も means 'also things like ~ and ~.' 「ラジオやテレビもあります」means 'there are also things like a radio and a TV (among other things).' The や already indicates a non-exhaustive list, and も adds the sense of 'also/in addition.'

• 2など means 'etc.' and would create 「ラジオやテレビなどがあります」(there are things like radio, TV, etc.). While grammatically possible, や already implies a non-exhaustive list, making や〜など somewhat redundant. The intended 4級 pattern being tested is や〜も.
• 3と is an exhaustive 'and' listing particle. It cannot follow テレビ after や in this construction, and would conflict with the incomplete-list meaning of や.
• 4や cannot follow another や in this pattern. The sentence already uses や between ラジオ and テレビ, so placing another や after テレビ is ungrammatical.

• あに — older brother (兄)
• ラジオ — radio
• テレビ — television
• や — and (incomplete list particle)
• も — also, too

The correct answer is 2 (が). The verb 入る (はいる, 'to enter/go in') is intransitive, so the thing that enters must be marked by が as the subject. ゴミが入って ('dust got in') is the correct structure: 目の中にゴミが入って、いたいです ('Dust got into my eye and it hurts').

• 1を marks the direct object of a transitive verb. 入る is intransitive, so を cannot be used here.
• 3に already appears earlier in the sentence (目の中に) marking the destination. Using に again after ゴミ would be ungrammatical here.
• 4で marks means/method or location of action, neither of which fits here.

• 目め — eye
• 中なか — inside
• ゴミ — dust, trash
• 入はいる — to enter, to go in
• 痛いたい — painful, hurts

The correct answer is 1 (だけ). だけ means 'only' and is used with affirmative verbs: 半分だけ食べます ('I'll eat only half'). This fits the context: because my stomach hurts, I'll eat only half.

• 2しか also means 'only,' but it must be used with a negative verb form (しか〜ない). Here the verb is 食べます (affirmative), so しか is grammatically incorrect.
• 3も means 'also/too,' which does not fit the meaning 'only half.'
• 4と means 'and/with,' which is irrelevant here.

• おなか — stomach
• 痛いたい — painful
• 半分はんぶん — half
• だけ — only (with affirmative)
• しか — only (with negative verb)

The correct answer is 3 (に). The pattern 〜になる means 'to become ~'. えいごの先生になりました ('became an English teacher') is the correct grammar. The particle に marks the result/state one becomes after the change.

• 1で marks means or context, not the result of becoming something.
• 2を marks a direct object, but なる is intransitive and does not take を.
• 4から means 'from,' which would imply 'became FROM a teacher,' which is the opposite of the intended meaning.

• 大学だいがく — university
• 友達ともだち — friend
• 英語えいご — English (language)
• 先生せんせい — teacher
• なる — to become (〜になる)

The correct answer is 4 (か). だれか is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'someone.' The sentence だれかテストの時間を教えてください means 'Someone, please tell me the test time.' The か here is part of the word だれか, not a standalone particle.

• 1に would mark the recipient of the teaching action: だれかにテストの時間を教えてください would mean 'Please tell someone the test time,' which is contextually odd — you want someone to tell YOU, not the other way around.
• 2が as a subject marker does not fit here; だれが would mean 'who (subject),' making the sentence ungrammatical in this context.
• 3は is a topic marker and cannot follow だれ in this way; だれは is not a valid construction.

• だれか — someone (indefinite pronoun)
• テスト — test, exam
• 時間じかん — time
• 教おしえる — to tell, to teach

The correct answer is 4 (は). The sentence 母はせいが高いですが、父はひくいです means 'My mother is tall, but my father is short.' The particle は here is used as a contrastive topic marker (対比の「は」). The first clause establishes 母 as the topic with は, and the second clause contrasts 父 using は as well, highlighting the difference between the two parents.

• 1に is wrong because に marks direction/recipient/location, none of which make sense here. 父にひくいです is ungrammatical.
• 2と is wrong because と means 'and/with' (listing or accompaniment). 父とひくいです would mean something like 'together with my father, (someone) is short,' which does not convey the intended contrast.
• 3も is wrong because も means 'also/too.' If you said 父もひくいです, it would mean 'My father is also short,' implying the mother is also short. But the mother is described as tall (高い), so も contradicts the contrast being made.

• はは — mother
• ちち — father
• せいがたかい — to be tall (lit. stature is high)
• ひくい — low / short (in height)

The correct answer is 3 (か). だれか means 'someone' (an indefinite pronoun). The sentence だれかまどをしめてください means 'Someone, please close the window.' The particle か turns the question word だれ (who) into 'someone,' which is a key 4級 grammar point.

• 1は is the topic marker. だれはまどをしめてください is ungrammatical—you cannot use は after a question word like だれ in this way to mean 'someone.'
• 2が is the subject marker. だれがまどをしめてください would mean 'WHO will close the window?' (asking a question), not 'someone please close it.'
• 4に is the direction/target particle. だれにまどをしめてください would mean 'Please close the window TO someone,' which makes no sense here.

• だれか — someone (indefinite pronoun, formed by だれ + か)
• まど — window
• しめる — to close

The correct answer is 2 (に). 半分にする is a fixed expression meaning 'to divide/cut in half.' The sentence バナナを半分にしていっしょに食べましょう means 'Let's split the banana in half and eat it together.' The particle に indicates the result/state of an action: 'into half.'

• 1が is the subject marker and does not fit here. 半分がして is ungrammatical.
• 3を marks the direct object of an action. 半分をして is ungrammatical—半分 is not an object being acted upon directly in this pattern.
• 4で indicates means/method or location. 半分でして would mean 'doing it by means of half,' which does not convey 'divide into half.'

• 半分はんぶん — half
• 半分はんぶんにする — to divide/cut in half (result-state pattern にする)
• バナナ — banana

The correct answer is 3 (しか). しか〜ない/ありません is a 4級 grammar pattern meaning 'only' (with a negative verb). The intended sentence is お皿は10枚しかありません = 'There are only 10 plates.' Note: しか always requires a negative predicate, so the stem likely should read ありません rather than あります (see issues).

• 1ふらい is not a valid particle or word in this context. It appears to be a distractor with no grammatical function here.
• 2が is the subject marker. 10まいがあります is grammatically possible but very unnatural—quantities are normally stated without a particle (10枚あります). This is not the intended pattern.
• 4ごろ means 'around/approximately' and is used with time (e.g., 10じごろ). 10まいごろあります is ungrammatical—ごろ cannot be used with quantities of objects.

• しか〜ない — only (must be used with a negative predicate; しか + ありません = 'there are only')
• おさら — plate/dish (お皿)
• まい — counter for thin, flat objects (枚)

The correct answer is 3 (で). じぶんで means 'by oneself / on one's own.' The sentence りょうりはじぶんでつくりますか means 'Do you make the cooking yourself?' The particle で here indicates the agent/means by which an action is performed: 'by yourself.'

• 1へ indicates direction toward a place. じぶんへつくりますか is ungrammatical—じぶん is not a destination.
• 2か is a question marker or indefinite pronoun suffix. じぶんかつくりますか would mean 'Do you OR someone else make it?' which is not the intended meaning.
• 4を marks a direct object. じぶんをつくりますか would mean 'Do you make yourself?' which is nonsensical here.

• じぶんで — by oneself, on one's own (自分で)
• りょうり — cooking, dish (料理)
• つくる — to make, to cook (作る)