N5 Grammar · Test 61

The pattern 〜てください means 'please do ~' and requires the te-form of the verb. まつ (to wait) → まって is the te-form, so ちょっと まって ください means 'Please wait a moment.'

• 1まち is the masu-stem (連用形) of まつ. It cannot directly precede ください in this pattern; the te-form is required.
• 3まった is the plain past form (ta-form). It does not fit the 〜てください pattern.
• 4またない is the plain negative form. It is grammatically incorrect here; even the negative te-form would be またないで, not またない.

• まつ — to wait
• 〜てください — please do ~ (request pattern requiring te-form)

The blank is inside a relative clause modifying しゃしん (photo): 'a photo that I took at my friend's house last week.' Since the action happened last week (先週), the past tense is needed. とる (to take a photo) → とった is the plain past form, which correctly modifies the noun しゃしん.

• 1とる is the dictionary form. While dictionary forms can modify nouns, the past tense とった is more appropriate here because 先週 (last week) indicates a completed past action.
• 2とるの is ungrammatical in this position. の cannot be inserted between a verb and the noun it modifies in this way.
• 4とります is the polite form (ます-form). Polite verb forms cannot directly modify a noun in a relative clause.

• とる — to take (a photo)
• しゃしん — photo
• 先週せんしゅう — last week

The te-form is used to connect two sequential actions: 'returned home at 6, then made dinner.' かえる (to return) → かえって is the te-form, so 6時に かえって、ごはんを つくりました means 'I returned home at 6 and then made dinner.'

• 1かえる is the dictionary form. It cannot connect two clauses in this way; a te-form is needed for sequential actions.
• 2かえった is the plain past form (ta-form). Using the past tense here would break the sentence; the te-form is required to link the two actions smoothly.
• 4かえったり is the tari-form, used for listing actions non-exhaustively (〜たり〜たり). It does not fit here because there is only one action before the main clause, and the meaning is sequential, not a list.

• かえる — to return home
• つくる — to make, to cook
• 〜て — te-form: connects actions sequentially (do A, then do B)

The pattern 〜ましょう ('let's do ~') attaches to the masu-stem (連用形) of a verb. うたう (to sing) → うたい is the masu-stem, so いっしょに うたいましょう means 'Let's sing together.'

• 2うたう is the dictionary form. 〜ましょう does not attach to the dictionary form; it requires the masu-stem.
• 3うたって is the te-form. It is used for requests (〜てください) or sequential actions, not with 〜ましょう.
• 4うたいて is not a valid Japanese conjugation. The te-form of うたう is うたって, not うたいて.

• うたう — to sing
• 〜ましょう — let's do ~ (attaches to masu-stem)

The pattern 〜から means 'because.' ひま (free time / not busy) is a na-adjective. When a na-adjective precedes から, the copula だ is needed: ひま + だ + から = ひまだから ('because I am free'). So あしたは ひまだから、あそびに 行きませんか means 'Tomorrow I'm free, so would you like to go hang out?'

• 1ひま alone before から is incorrect. A na-adjective requires the copula だ before から (ひまだから). Without だ, the sentence is ungrammatical.
• 2ひまな is the pre-noun form (連体形) of the na-adjective, used when modifying a noun (ひまな日). It cannot be followed directly by から.
• 3ひまの is ungrammatical. Na-adjectives do not take の before から; they take だ.

• ひま（暇） — free time, not busy (na-adjective)
• 〜から — because, so (gives a reason)
• あそぶ — to play, to hang out

The sentence means 'Excuse me, could you please pass the sugar?' The pattern 〜てくださいませんか is a polite way to make a request, literally 'won't you please ~?' It is more polite than 〜てください and is appropriate when speaking to a stranger. とってくださいませんか = 'could you please pass (it to me)?'

• 1くださいですか is not a grammatical form. ください is already a polite request word; attaching ですか to it is invalid.
• 2くださいでしょうか is not a standard grammatical form. でしょうか attaches to nouns/na-adjectives or the polite verb form, not to ください in this manner.
• 4くださいましょうか is not a valid form. 〜ましょうか ('shall I ~?') is used when offering to do something oneself, not when requesting someone else to do something. Combining it with ください is ungrammatical.

• さとう — sugar
• とる — to take, to pass (in this context: to hand/pass something)
• 〜てくださいませんか — won't you please ~? (polite request)

The underlined sentence このじしょをかしてください means 'Please lend me this dictionary.' The speaker is asking someone to lend them a dictionary, which means the speaker wants to borrow it. Option 3, かりたいです (want to borrow), correctly restates this. The verb かりる (借りる) means 'to borrow,' and 〜たい is the desiderative form meaning 'want to do.'

• 1かえしたいです means 'want to return (it).' This is the opposite of what the speaker wants — they want to borrow, not return.
• 2かえりたいです is not a valid form. The correct verb for 'return' is かえす (返す), whose たい-form would be かえしたい. かえりたい is ungrammatical and also semantically wrong (returning, not borrowing).
• 4かいたいです means 'want to buy.' The speaker is asking to borrow, not to buy.

• じしょ — dictionary
• かす（貸す） — to lend
• かりる（借りる） — to borrow
• 〜たい — want to do (attached to verb stem)

The underlined sentence あきらさんはけいこさんときょうだいです means 'Akira and Keiko are siblings.' Among the choices, only option 3 (おにいさん, older brother) describes a sibling relationship. Since Akira is described as けいこさんと きょうだい (siblings with Keiko), and the only sibling option given is おにいさん, this is the correct answer.

• 1おじさん (叔父さん/小父さん) means 'uncle.' An uncle is not a sibling; he belongs to the parent's generation.
• 2おとうさん (お父さん) means 'father.' A father is a parent, not a sibling.
• 4おじいさん (お祖父さん) means 'grandfather.' A grandfather is two generations above, not a sibling.

• きょうだい — siblings (brothers and sisters)
• おにいさん（お兄さん） — older brother
• おじさん — uncle
• おとうさん（お父さん） — father
• おじいさん — grandfather

The underlined sentence にちようびはひまでした means 'Sunday was free (I had free time).' ひま (暇) means 'free time / not busy,' so the correct restatement is option 1: にちようびはいそがしくなかったです (Sunday was not busy). いそがしい (忙しい) means 'busy,' and its negative past form is いそがしくなかったです.

• 2いそがしかったです means 'was busy,' which is the opposite of ひま (free/not busy).
• 3うるさくなかったです means 'was not noisy.' ひま refers to not being busy, not to quietness.
• 4うるさかったです means 'was noisy,' which is unrelated to ひま.

• ひま — free time, leisure, not busy
• いそがしい（忙しい） — busy
• うるさい（煩い/うるさい） — noisy, annoying

The underlined sentence あそこはゆうびんきょくです means 'That place over there is a post office.' A post office sells postcards (はがき) and stamps (きって), so option 2 is correct: あそこでははがきやきってをうっています (They sell postcards and stamps there).

• 1うわぎ (上着, jacket) and ズボン (pants) are clothing items sold at a clothing store, not a post office.
• 3いす (chair) and ほんだな (本棚, bookshelf) are furniture, sold at a furniture store, not a post office.
• 4おちゃ (tea) and おかし (snacks) are food/drink items sold at a shop or café, not typically at a post office.

• ゆうびんきょく — post office
• はがき — postcard
• きって — stamp
• うる（売る） — to sell
• うわぎ — jacket, coat
• ズボン — pants, trousers
• ほんだな — bookshelf