N5 Grammar · Test 7

Option 4 (会った) is correct. The sentence means 'I don't know the name of the person I met yesterday.' To modify a noun (人) with a past-event relative clause, you use the た-form of the verb: 会った人の名前 ('the name of the person I met'). Since きのう (yesterday) indicates a past event, the past tense 会った is required.

• 1会う is the dictionary (present) form. It would mean 'the person who meets,' which doesn't match the past context of きのう (yesterday).
• 2会うの inserts の, which is ungrammatical as a noun modifier here. の cannot be placed between a verb and the noun it modifies in this way.
• 3会って is the て-form, which cannot directly modify a noun. The て-form is used for connecting clauses or giving requests, not for relative clauses.

• 会あう — to meet
• 名前なまえ — name
• 分わかる — to understand, to know

Option 2 (話さないで) is correct. The sentence means 'Please don't speak in a loud voice.' The pattern V-ないで + ください is a negative request ('please don't do ~'). The verb 話す (はなす, to speak) is a godan (う-verb), and its negative stem is 話さない (not 話しない). Therefore 話さないでください is the correct negative request form.

• 1話しないで uses the wrong negative stem. For the godan verb 話す, the negative is 話さない (change す→さ), not 話しない. 話しない would be the negative of a different conjugation pattern and is incorrect here.
• 3話さなくて uses なくて instead of ないで. While なくて is a negative て-form, it is not used with ください for requests. The request pattern requires ないで.
• 4話しなくて has two problems: the wrong negative stem (話しなくて instead of 話さなくて) and the wrong ending (なくて instead of ないで) for a request.

• 大きな声で（おおきなこえで） — in a loud voice
• 話はなす — to speak, to talk
• 〜ないでください — please don't do ~ (negative request)

Option 1 (行く) is correct. The sentence means 'When I go shopping, I take the bus.' The pattern V-辞書形 (dictionary form) + とき means 'when I do ~.' Since the action (going shopping) happens before or at the same time as taking the bus, the dictionary form 行く is appropriate: 買いものに行くとき ('when I go shopping').

• 2行くの inserts の between the verb and とき. This is ungrammatical; the dictionary form directly connects to とき without の.
• 3行って is the て-form, which cannot be used before とき to mean 'when.' The て-form is for sequential actions or connecting clauses, not for the とき pattern.
• 4行っての combines て-form with の, which is ungrammatical before とき.

• 買い物（かいもの） — shopping
• 行いく — to go
• 〜とき — when ~, at the time of ~
• 乗のる — to ride, to get on

Option 1 (天気) is correct. The sentence means 'Since the weather is good today, let's do the laundry.' The structure is いい (い-adjective) + 天気 (noun) + から (because), giving いい天気から ('because the weather is good'). The い-adjective いい directly modifies the noun 天気 without any particle between them, so 天気 alone is correct.

• 2天気な uses な, which is the connector for na-adjectives (形容動詞). 天気 is a noun, not a na-adjective, so な is incorrect here.
• 3天気だ uses だ (the copula), which would create a clause-ending form. It cannot be inserted between いい and から in this sentence structure.
• 4天気の uses の (the possessive/modifying particle). While の can link nouns, here いい already modifies 天気 directly as an い-adjective modifying a noun, so inserting の is ungrammatical.

• 天気てんき — weather
• いい — good
• 〜から — because, so (gives reason)
• 洗濯せんたくする — to do laundry

The sentence means 'Yesterday was not warm.' Since きのう (yesterday) requires past tense, and the sentence is negative, we need the polite negative-past form of the い-adjective あたたかい. The correct form is あたたかくありませんでした (あたたかい → drop い → あたたかく → あたたかくありません → past: あたたかくありませんでした).

• 1あたたかいじゃないでした is grammatically incorrect. For い-adjectives, じゃない is not used to form the negative. Even in colloquial speech, じゃないでした is not a valid form.
• 2あたたかいじゃなかったです uses じゃない with an い-adjective, which is incorrect. The じゃない/じゃなかった pattern is for nouns and な-adjectives, not い-adjectives.
• 3あたたかくないでした mixes the plain negative ない with the polite past copula でした. The correct polite form is あたたかくありませんでした; you cannot attach でした directly to ない in this way.

• あたたかい — warm (い-adjective)
• きのう — yesterday

Option 4 (会った) is correct. The sentence means 'I don't know the name of the person I met yesterday.' To modify a noun (人) with a past-event relative clause, you use the た-form of the verb: 会った人の名前 ('the name of the person I met'). Since きのう (yesterday) indicates a past event, the past tense 会った is required.

• 1会う is the dictionary (present) form. It would mean 'the person who meets,' which doesn't match the past context of きのう (yesterday).
• 2会うの inserts の, which is ungrammatical as a noun modifier here. の cannot be placed between a verb and the noun it modifies in this way.
• 3会って is the て-form, which cannot directly modify a noun. The て-form is used for connecting clauses or giving requests, not for relative clauses.

• 会あう — to meet
• 名前なまえ — name
• 分わかる — to understand, to know

Option 2 (話さないで) is correct. The sentence means 'Please don't speak in a loud voice.' The pattern V-ないで + ください is a negative request ('please don't do ~'). The verb 話す (はなす, to speak) is a godan (う-verb), and its negative stem is 話さない (not 話しない). Therefore 話さないでください is the correct negative request form.

• 1話しないで uses the wrong negative stem. For the godan verb 話す, the negative is 話さない (change す→さ), not 話しない. 話しない would be the negative of a different conjugation pattern and is incorrect here.
• 3話さなくて uses なくて instead of ないで. While なくて is a negative て-form, it is not used with ください for requests. The request pattern requires ないで.
• 4話しなくて has two problems: the wrong negative stem (話しなくて instead of 話さなくて) and the wrong ending (なくて instead of ないで) for a request.

• 大きな声で（おおきなこえで） — in a loud voice
• 話はなす — to speak, to talk
• 〜ないでください — please don't do ~ (negative request)

Option 1 (行く) is correct. The sentence means 'When I go shopping, I take the bus.' The pattern V-辞書形 (dictionary form) + とき means 'when I do ~.' Since the action (going shopping) happens before or at the same time as taking the bus, the dictionary form 行く is appropriate: 買いものに行くとき ('when I go shopping').

• 2行くの inserts の between the verb and とき. This is ungrammatical; the dictionary form directly connects to とき without の.
• 3行って is the て-form, which cannot be used before とき to mean 'when.' The て-form is for sequential actions or connecting clauses, not for the とき pattern.
• 4行っての combines て-form with の, which is ungrammatical before とき.

• 買い物（かいもの） — shopping
• 行いく — to go
• 〜とき — when ~, at the time of ~
• 乗のる — to ride, to get on

Option 1 (天気) is correct. The sentence means 'Since the weather is good today, let's do the laundry.' The structure is いい (い-adjective) + 天気 (noun) + から (because), giving いい天気から ('because the weather is good'). The い-adjective いい directly modifies the noun 天気 without any particle between them, so 天気 alone is correct.

• 2天気な uses な, which is the connector for na-adjectives (形容動詞). 天気 is a noun, not a na-adjective, so な is incorrect here.
• 3天気だ uses だ (the copula), which would create a clause-ending form. It cannot be inserted between いい and から in this sentence structure.
• 4天気の uses の (the possessive/modifying particle). While の can link nouns, here いい already modifies 天気 directly as an い-adjective modifying a noun, so inserting の is ungrammatical.

• 天気てんき — weather
• いい — good
• 〜から — because, so (gives reason)
• 洗濯せんたくする — to do laundry

The sentence means 'Yesterday was not warm.' Since きのう (yesterday) requires past tense, and the sentence is negative, we need the polite negative-past form of the い-adjective あたたかい. The correct form is あたたかくありませんでした (あたたかい → drop い → あたたかく → あたたかくありません → past: あたたかくありませんでした).

• 1あたたかいじゃないでした is grammatically incorrect. For い-adjectives, じゃない is not used to form the negative. Even in colloquial speech, じゃないでした is not a valid form.
• 2あたたかいじゃなかったです uses じゃない with an い-adjective, which is incorrect. The じゃない/じゃなかった pattern is for nouns and な-adjectives, not い-adjectives.
• 3あたたかくないでした mixes the plain negative ない with the polite past copula でした. The correct polite form is あたたかくありませんでした; you cannot attach でした directly to ない in this way.

• あたたかい — warm (い-adjective)
• きのう — yesterday