N1 Vocabulary · Test 113

痛感 (つうかん) means 'to feel keenly / to be acutely aware of.' The sentence says: 'When I was young I worked without regard for my family, but lately I have come to 痛感 the importance of building strong family bonds.' 痛感 is the standard compound for deeply feeling or realizing something through experience.

• 1通貫 is not a standard Japanese word. 通 (つう) means 'go through' and 貫 (かん) means 'pierce through,' but this compound does not exist.
• 2通感 is not a standard word either. It might look plausible because 通 and 感 can both relate to feeling, but this compound is not used in Japanese.
• 3痛貫 is not a standard word. 痛 (つう) + 貫 (かん) looks like it could mean 'painfully pierce through,' but this compound does not exist.

• 痛感つうかん — to feel keenly, to be acutely aware of
• 顧かえりみる — to consider, to look back on, to care about
• 築きずく — to build, to construct (relationships, etc.)

儀式 (ぎしき) means 'ceremony, ritual.' The sentence says: 'Vivid garments thought to have been used in ancient ceremonies were excavated from the desert.' 儀式 is the standard word for a formal ceremony or rite.

• 1議式 is not a standard word. 議 (ぎ) means 'deliberation/discussion' and does not combine with 式 to form a real compound.
• 2犠式 is not a standard word. 犠 (ぎ) means 'sacrifice' and does not combine with 式 in this way.
• 4義式 is not a standard word. 義 (ぎ) means 'righteousness/meaning' and while it shares the reading ぎ, it does not form this compound.

• 儀式ぎしき — ceremony, ritual
• 鮮あざやか — vivid, bright, brilliant
• 発掘はっくつ — excavation, unearthing

鮮やかな (あざやかな) means 'vivid, bright, brilliant.' The sentence describes garments (衣装) excavated from the desert as vivid/colorful. 鮮やか is the standard adjective for vividness of color or impression.

• 1濃やかな is not a standard adjective. 濃 (こい/のう) relates to thickness/darkness of color, but 濃やか is not a real word.
• 2彩やかな is not a standard adjective. 彩 (さい/いろどり) relates to coloring, but 彩やか is not a real word.
• 3透やかな is not a standard adjective. 透 (すく/とう) relates to transparency, but 透やか is not a real word.

• 鮮あざやか — vivid, bright, brilliant
• 衣装いしょう — costume, attire, garments
• 砂漠さばく — desert

衣装 (いしょう) means 'costume, attire, garments.' The sentence says vivid garments were excavated from the desert. 衣装 is the standard word for clothing/costumes, especially in a formal or theatrical context.

• 2衣裂 is not a standard word. 衣 (い) + 裂 (れつ) might suggest 'torn garment,' but this compound does not exist.
• 3依装 is not a standard word. 依 (い) means 'depend on' and does not combine with 装 to form a real compound.
• 4依裂 is not a standard word. Neither 依 nor 裂 form a compound with this reading.

• 衣装いしょう — costume, attire, garments
• 儀式ぎしき — ceremony, ritual
• 発掘はっくつ — excavation, unearthing

砂漠 (さばく) means 'desert.' The sentence says vivid garments were excavated from the desert. 砂漠 is the standard word for desert, with 砂 (さ) meaning 'sand' and 漠 (ばく) meaning 'vast/obscure.'

• 1硫模 is not a standard word. 硫 (りゅう) means 'sulfur' and 模 (も) means 'model/pattern,' but this compound does not exist.
• 2硫漠 is not a standard word. 硫 (りゅう) + 漠 (ばく) does not form a real compound.
• 3砂模 is not a standard word. 砂 (さ) is correct for 'sand,' but 模 (も) does not combine with it to mean 'desert.'

• 砂漠さばく — desert
• 鮮あざやか — vivid, bright
• 衣装いしょう — costume, attire

浜辺（はまべ） means 'beach' or 'shore,' and is the correct kanji writing for the furigana はまべ in this sentence: 'On the beach in the dead of night, there was no sign of anyone…'

• 1海辺 is read うみべ, not はまべ. It means 'seaside' but does not match the reading given in the stem.
• 2海部 is not a standard word for 'beach/shore' and does not read はまべ. It may appear as a place name or surname but is irrelevant here.
• 3浜部 is not an established word meaning 'beach' and does not read はまべ. It is a plausible-looking distractor combining 浜 with 部.

• 浜辺はまべ — beach, shore
• 夜更よふけ — dead of night, late at night

人影（ひとかげ） means 'figure/shadow/silhouette of a person' and is the standard kanji writing for ひとかげ. The sentence says 'there was no human figure on the beach,' which fits perfectly.

• 1人陰 can theoretically be read ひとかげ and carries a similar meaning (shade cast by a person), but it is a non-standard/rare writing and not the expected answer in this JLPT context. 人影 is the conventional orthography.
• 2人隠 is not a real word. It looks plausible because 隠 relates to hiding/concealment, but it has no established reading of ひとかげ.
• 4人像 is read じんぞう and means 'human figure/statue/effigy,' not a shadow or silhouette. The reading does not match ひとかげ.

• 人影ひとかげ — figure/shadow of a person, silhouette
• 沖おき — offshore, open sea
• 漁船ぎょせん — fishing boat

沖（おき） means 'offshore' or 'the open sea off the coast.' The phrase おきのぎょせん ('fishing boats offshore') is natural and matches the reading おき.

• 2浦（うら） means 'inlet, bay, seashore' and is read うら, not おき.
• 3湾（わん） means 'bay, gulf' and is read わん, not おき.
• 4潮（しお/うしお） means 'tide, tidal current' and does not read おき.

• 沖おき — offshore, open sea off the coast
• 浦うら — inlet, bay, seashore
• 湾わん — bay, gulf
• 潮しお/うしお — tide, tidal current

漁船（ぎょせん） means 'fishing boat.' The kanji 漁（ぎょ） is the specific kanji for 'fishing,' and 船（せん） means 'boat/ship.' Together they form the standard word 漁船, matching the reading ぎょせん.

• 1魚舟 uses 魚（ぎょ） + 舟（しゅう/ふね）. While 魚 relates to fish, the established compound for 'fishing boat' is 漁船, not 魚舟. The kanji 舟 is also typically used in smaller-boat contexts and does not combine with 魚 to form ぎょせん.
• 2魚船 similarly uses 魚 instead of the proper 漁. This is not the standard orthography for ぎょせん.
• 3漁舟 uses the correct 漁 but pairs it with 舟 instead of 船. While 漁舟 could theoretically be understood, the standard word is 漁船, and 舟 does not carry the reading せん in this compound.

• 漁船ぎょせん — fishing boat
• 漁ぎょ — fishing

淡い（あわい） means 'faint, pale, light' and describes something subtle or weak in color/intensity. あわい月の光 ('faint moonlight') is a natural and poetic collocation, fitting the atmospheric tone of the sentence.

• 1濃い（こい） means 'thick, dense, dark, strong' — the opposite of what is needed. The sentence describes faint, barely visible moonlight, not intense light.
• 3清い（きよい） means 'pure, clean' and is read きよい, not あわい. While 'pure moonlight' is conceivable, the reading does not match.
• 4渋い（しぶい） means 'astringent, bitter, subdued, refined' and is read しぶい, not あわい. It does not describe light in this context.

• 淡あわい — faint, pale, light (in color/intensity)
• 濃こい — thick, dense, dark, strong
• 清きよい — pure, clean
• 渋しぶい — astringent, bitter, subdued, refined